Medical Error Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Medical Error - Research Paper Example However, hospitals and medical practitioners have consistently showed unwillingness to perform their side of the bargain by making medical error disclosures and apology promptly and in a proper way. The hospital and the individual physicians who operated on Ms. W violated disclosure laws, requiring proper and constant revealing of information concerning treatments and their impacts on the patients to the principal (Gallagher, 2009). Apology laws were also broken. In addition, the organization failed to implement an internal reporting system for critical incidents as required by health regulations; this would have resolved the error before the patient could make contact with her attorney (Pozgar, 2013). In light of these breaches to the law, the hospital is vicariously liable for the medical error committed by its staff. The medical doctors are also liable in their personal capacities for their failure to observe patient safety. As Pozgar (2013) said, the provider failed to adhere to the ethical rules of informed consent, non-maleficence, justice, truthfulness and honesty. The hospital failed to provide the patient with a prompt, detailed confession of the medical error and a genuine apology followed by compensation. Such response could have improved her trust in the hospital and the medical staffs (Gallagher, 2009). This is especially true considering that in most cases, patients and their families regard disclosures as a bold step towards providing sufficient care and that cases of medical error are human. If the provider had observed the ethical rule, the patient would have been more relieved emotionally and. In addition a more effective follow-up treatment plan would have been achieved in a better way. As Gallagher (2009) noted, the ethical failure defined the provider’s hesitant release of information about the error to the family, possibly out of fear that they could initiate legal proceedings against the hospital and the staff for

National Trust CaseStudy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

National Trust CaseStudy - Essay Example A SWOT analysis is a useful instrument for helping managers to identify internal strengths and weaknesses of a business and external opportunities and threats facing it (Strydom, 31). Based on the case study, it can be noted that National is a registered charity that looks after special places and was founded in 1895. The major strength of the organization is that it is unique since it specialises in looking after historic places that are centers of attraction. Many people are attracted by the beautiful places under its jurisdiction and this helps National Trust to generate substantial revenue from the number of visitors that go to the place every year. The main weakness confronting National Trust is that it is not for profit business. It relies on membership and entrance fees to cater for its operational costs. Costs incurred in maintaining the places as well as advertising are high which leaves the organization vulnerable to financial constraints. The major threat for National Trust is that the members of the public have alternative ways of spending their time. This entails that National Trust might not be in a position to attract the large envisaged numbers. Research has also shown that a lot of young people are not comfortable to work for the organization. Promotion is very important in the operations of the organization. For instance, this marketing strategy is used to raise awareness among people about the product and services offered, appeal to the interests of people as well as to remind them about the product (Kotler & Armstrong, 2004). In case of National Trust, promotion is used to raise awareness among the people about the product as well as to explain the benefits of the services offered. Different marketing communication tools such as new media including social networks such as Facebook and Twitter, Youtube, Weibo, MSN and advertising are often used. National Trust promotes its activities mainly through the use of social

Management of People in Healthcare Organizations Essay

Management of People in Healthcare Organizations - Essay Example Managers in healthcare organizations usually display leadership coordination and supervision of employees. This is because the nature of job and its complexity is such that employees cannot achieve tasks on an individual basis. These managers must not only take the critical decisions of ensuring that patients receive timely and efficient services but also address performance targets set for the employees. With globalization and the information age, the level of technological innovation has increased in the healthcare sector along with increased clinical specialization. On the contrary, there is a focus towards reducing costs worldwide, which requires doing away with traditional hierarchical structures and working in teams in both managerial and clinical setups. Integrated solutions can then be reached by these cross-disciplinary teams. This is in contrast to the traditional paradigm whereby there was a conflict between the general managers and health care service clinicians. It is im portant to understand that the healthcare service delivery process comprises of inputs in the form of medicines, equipment/technology and other health systems and the outcome of patient’s well-being. The role of healthcare service employees is quintessential in the intertwining â€Å"process† since health care is a people-oriented job and cannot be done with automated techniques. The personalized nature of job, therefore, makes the contribution and management of these professionals critical to the achievement of organizational outcomes. For healthcare employees, employees may be considered as internal customers whose satisfaction is equally necessary to guarantee organizational success. One of the most important techniques to ensure employee commitment and satisfaction is to indulge in cross-training. Cross-training is practiced in healthcare organisations as job rotation is highly demanded by healthcare jobs. For instance, a file clerk, a data entry expert and a secre tary may work in each other’s roles in case either of them is ill or on a vacation or during times of heavy workload or emergencies (Fallon & McConnell, 2007). Cross-training is, therefore, extremely necessary considering the demand for flexibility in today’s globalised world. On the other hand, most healthcare managers may simply hand over folders of information to be reviewed by the new employee which is a poor way of learning and results in low levels of information absorption. This is mostly done on the grounds that managers cannot devote sufficient time for training of new staff. This problem can be overcome by cross-functional training as people other than the manager (who are skilled at particular tasks) can be used to train the newcomer. Furthermore, the compensation plans of health care employees may also require management. Since the compensation of people in healthcare organisations constitutes the major part of expenses, organisations find it lucrative to r educe the pay and/or size of its staff in order to provide affordable healthcare to patients. In the modern age, however, techniques for managing employee pay and compensation has changed with third-party reimbursements tracking the nursing hours per visit, technological expenses and services utilized by clinicians. Furthermore, health care organisations mostly insist on offering â€Å"bonuses† as a primary incentive for enhancing performance of healthcare service professionals (Hernandez & O'Connor, 2009). Also, benefits in the

Ecology and Society Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ecology and Society - Assignment Example For this, they mainly evaluate the mechanisms of compensation and reward for environmental services (CRES) very closely. In this article, the authors debate whether or not the CRES mechanisms will more effectively contribute to environmental sustainability when compared to conventional mechanisms. While deeply analyzing the article, it seems that the authors greatly support CRES mechanisms in order to promote environmental sustainability. The writers hold the view that financial incentives are the best way to motivate people as this method adds value to the quality of people’s daily life. Compensations and rewards would not only greatly influence people but also significantly contribute to better human-environment interactions. The conventional institutional arrangements developed to manage ecosystems include ‘individual behaviour regulations, preservation of particular resources or ecosystems, and enhancement of collective investment in infrastructure’ (United Nations). However, the article writers indicate that those conventional mechanisms often fail to accomplish desired outcomes. They present CRES mechanisms as a better alternative to conventional environmental sustainability practices. Referring to the findings of Swallow, some writers argue that CRE S addresses â€Å"voluntary and traditional agreements that are negotiated among ecosystem stewards, beneficiaries of environmental services, and intermediaries† (Swallow, Leimona, Yatich and Valerde). Whereas the traditional techniques give emphasis to regulative policies, the CRES mechanisms positively influence people to regulate their actions themselves. In order to identify the conditions under which CRES mechanisms are more likely to be effective and functional, the authors apply theories of institutional change and policy diffusion (deductive approach). In addition, they also analyze a number of case studies as part of the

Social problem - elder care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social problem - elder care - Essay Example re services to their elderly parents, may hope not to find themselves facing such care needs, and may not face a legal requirement that they do so or face a requirement that is not enforced. The children may not, in fact, ever face such needs because some percentage of the elderly reaches the end of life without developing personal-care needs. The need to care for a child is in nearly all cases a temporary situation, followed by a transition a lengthy and gradual transition, to be sure - to the capacity for self-care associated with independent living as an adult. However, the transition into disability during old age may occur gradually or rapidly, and is likely to signal the onset of an irreversible state of dependency, one that will end only in death. Thus, for several reasons elder care merits, and receives, special attention. Yet, elder care and other major types of care work, such as caring for young children, share many common elements: much of the care is provided in private households and is done so "informally" by family members; the care entails heavy use of time inputs; care is provided more often by women than by men; the care effort imposes costs in many intangible domains upon those who do it; and, the caring produces benefits for society at large. Both the costs and the benefits are hard to quantify, in principle and in practice. (Arno, P., Levine, C., and Memmnott, M, 1999) Although different countries exhibit considerable variation in the types and generosity of publicly funded programs with which to meet the care needs of older people, the family remains "everywhere the most important provider† of such care. There is a voluminous research literature concerned with the nature, extent, components, and consequences of informal care provided to disabled elders. Much of that work is based on small, local-area samples, but in recent years a number of national-level data sources have become available with which to study elder care. One of the most

Drug Addiction Essay Example for Free

Drug Addiction Essay Drug addiction is a dependence on an illegal drug or medication. Many people confuse it with drug dependency, which is when a person needs a drug to function normally. The difference between drug addiction and drug dependence is drug dependence is when a person needs a drug to function normally, like some blood pressure medications can cause a physical dependence, but the person is not addicted to the drug. A person can have a physical dependence, but not be addicted. Many scientist believe that drug addiction is a brain disease, and this disease causes compulsive drug-seeking and use, despite the consequences that person may suffer. Taking a drug causes surges in your brain of dopamine. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter, which is a chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and transfers that impulse to another nerve fiber or some other structure. A â€Å"messenger of the brain. † Dopamine is in the mood-changing category of neurotransmitters. When dopamine surges in your brain, it causes immense pleasure. Your brain remembers this and wants more, and you are addicted. Dopamine is the reason some people over eat and are obese, and people are addicted to alcohol and drugs. Biological history of addiction, abuse or other scaring experiences in early childhood, mental disorders (such as depression) and early use of a drug are the reason some people get addicted, while others don’t. Many people start using drugs out of curiosity, to have a good time, their friends do it, to improve athletic performance or to ease stress, anxiety or depression. Signs of drug addiction are when a person is neglecting their responsibilities, depression, drowsiness, poor memory. Teen drug addictions symptoms may be problems at school, physical health issues, neglected appearance, changes in behavior and / or spending money. All different types of drugs have different symptoms. Marijuana symptoms are red eyes, decreased coordination, poor memory, increased appetite, difficulty concentrating and slowed reaction time. Barbiturates and benzodiazepine symptoms include dizziness, slurred speech, confusion and slowed breathing and increased blood ressured. Cocaine and other stimulant use symptoms are decreased appetite, rapid speech, irritability, weight loss, restlessness, and increased heart rate, blood pressure and temperature. â€Å"Club Drug† signs are exaggerated happiness or well-being, reduced inhabitations, heightened or changed sense of sight, sound and taste and drowsiness or loss of consciousness. Hallucinogens, which I think are the scariest, can cause hallucinations, tremors, permanent mental changes in perception and flash-backs to the hallucinations, even years and years later. Marijuana is the most popular drug that people are addicted to. The use of marijuana has more than tripled among 18-20 year olds since 1984. And the addiction age for marijuana is getting younger. Of Americans ages 12 and older an estimated 41% have smoked marijuana at least once. Around 16% people in the U. S smoke marijuana on a daily basis. Many people believe that â€Å"weed† isn’t addictive or harmful, but the truth it is addictive and harmful. There is an estimated 16 million drug users in America. Of the 5. million marijuana smokers in America, more that 62% are addicted. Of teenagers in treatment, 60% have primary marijuana diagnosis. Emergency Room visits caused by marijuana since 1994 has risen 176%, and now surpass visits caused by heroin. And marijuana is also harmful because it is a proven fact that marijuana and violence are linked. People who smoke marijuana weekly are four times more likely to engage in violent activity. Marijuana is a gateway drug. Of d rug abusers, 99% start by smoking marijuana. People who smoke marijuana are eight times more likely to have used cocaine, 15 times more likely to have used heroin and 5 times more likely to develop a need for treatment. Cigarettes also pose a huge problem. The estimated world’s population is 6. 5 billion, and of that, more than 1. 3 billion people (about 1/5 the world’s population) smoke tobacco cigarettes regularly. Tobacco contains a very addictive and dangerous drug called nicotine. Nicotine in through the lungs into the bloodstream, then into the brain, making the smoker feel relaxed yet alert. Nicotine is the reason 7 out of 10 smokers want to quit, but can’t, because they are addicted to the nicotine. Scientists believe by 2050, 400-500 million more people will smoke cigarettes. That’s a scary thought, considering that right now 1,200 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses. For women who are addicted to a drug, it increases risk for anemia, blood, heart and skin infections and hepatitis. It also increases the risk of STDs. It is dangerous for a pregnant woman to use drugs because most drugs cross the placenta, and cause direct toxic/poisons effects and the child can be born with a drug addiction. The use of marijuana during pregnancy is linked to behavioral problems in the child. The use of cocaine during pregnancy can bring on premature delivery, or stillborn. Many people believe that overcoming drug addiction is just a matter of will power, but the truth is drug addictions alters the brain in ways that create powerful cravings and compulsion to use that drug. Drug addiction is a scary thing, and many people believe that once you are addicted, you can never recover because it is a brain disease. Yes, it’s a brain disease, but you can recover.

Innovations of Nokia Technology

Innovations of Nokia Technology EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The technology in the world is highly rapid rated and just business who might adjust to quick changes in the electronic market can struggle. Technology is perpetually developing. Different companies to present opinion with more innovative products. The customers are given information about the market. They may simply from one company to another company. The challenging is so difficult amongst companies. INTRODUCTION This assignment will explain about Nokia company. Besides it will illustrate innovations of Nokia, analysis of company and marketing strategy of Nokia. Moreover it also will say recommendations about Nokia company and value chain analysis of Nokia company. Today , in the world which has high technology, many people see innovations as an area of their daily life. Innovations such as mobile phones are expedient and carriable and it is selled in a mixture design, shape and colour with unlike functions. Nokia is becoming the directing brand in the mobile phone market have with success enlarged their electronic market by succeeding more than 1,6 billion mobile phone definitions through the world. They help carry out a main human need for social contact with Nokias duty to contact people. Nokia constructed bridge amongst people as they are quitre apart. Nokia is the world director in the mobile telecommunication. Nokia began the external market in 2000. they made a rise their sales with technology of networks and products. They centre on individualised communication technology. Nokia innovated technology to let people to access internet applications ,tools and services instantly.they take care the problem that the person said them , build up the networks system more for wide.so they may enlarge quicker than other industry on electronic market. HISTORY OF Nokia History of Nokia begins in 1895, as engineer Fredrik Idestam founded a wood pulp mill in southern Finland and began manufacturing paper. Because of European industrial enterprise and the development using up of paper and card board Nokia soon become productive. In 1895 Fredrik Idestam handed over the reins of the company to his son in law Gustaf Fogelholm.( http://www.about-Nokia.com/history/)The products of Nokia were sold aboard first to Russia after that to the france and uk. The factory of Nokia appealed an imperative workforce and a small residential area developed around it. A community called Nokia still exists on the riverbank of Emakoski in southern Ireland. The hydroelectricity which the woodpulp mill used appealed the Finnish Rubber Works to found a factory in Nokia. The Finnish Rubber Works purchased the majority of the Finnish Cable Works shares after world war II. The companies were merged to form the Nokia Group.( http://www.about-Nokia.com/history/). When the Nokia gr oup was organised, the sales of Nokia group as 3 percent was produced and the Nokia electronics supplied job for so many people. Processes of Nokia quickly enlarged to different business areas and products throughout the 1980s. the plan was to make it large quickly in all their business areas. Nokia was an important television manufacturer and in the Nordic countries in 1988.(http://www.about-Nokia.com/history/). Nokia launched its first 3G phone which is called Nokia 6650. Today Nokia is a leader of the world in digital technology such as mobile phones, wireless data solutions, multimedia terminals. Success of Nokia is reposed on stable innovation. Human technology of Nokia is about increasing communication and searching new ways to interchange knowledge. INNOVATIONS OF Nokia TECHNOLOGY Companies in each business area innovate products. There are competitive situation amongst companies. It creates competitive advantage. Companies are trying to get the better of this in an industry. It can be seen in the mobile phone market. Nokia has been leader of this market recently. But , Nokia has so many rivals such as Samsung , sony. The products which is innovated are accepted as an advantage and companies might increase the products life cycle. It is as a product is decaying and is being resuscitated. Nokia still holds the largest share of the mobile phone market, but its sales and profits are stagnant while those of rival Samsung electronics of korea are zooming(daft,2007) Many organizations would like to keep their situation of director as business mostly assume the approach as being better to direct than adopt. For companies to direct, they should find any such competition and evaluate its furiousness and deflect getting left back. An abstract from the journal Innovation Implementation: Overcoming the challenge by Katherine Klien and Andrew Knight has stated thatâ€Å"In changing work environments, innovation is imperative. Yet, many teams and organizations fail to realise the expected benefits of innovations that they adopt. A key reason is not innovation failure but implementation failure-the failure to gain targeted employees skilled, consistent, and committed use of the innovation in question. According to this adjustment from the journal, it has been discussed that some companies who innovate and extend a brand too far and in the long run could fall short. This is thought as troubled innovation. These kind of innovations can be seen in Nokia. Companies think that product innovation is a crucial effect. That is why they try to manage it successfully. Innovation is complicated and companies are aided to make it simpler to get by crushing it in to parts on a sample. There are so many innovations in Nokia technology. I would like to talk about Nokia 67 00 classic. It is a new innovation. Nokia has always brought off to plus bread and butter phones to their line up. This innovation might be used by both business and casual people. Nokia was likely the first one to establish mobile phones having bluetooth including color display with the 6230i and 6310i. the next one is the Nokia 6300 classic which is similar to the other ones. But it is little bit better by developing. The trusted candy bar design had a flush keypad and smooth flowing lines. The hand set is designed such that it weights only 116g and also has a much improved battery life of around 5 hours talktime along with the standby time of around 300 hours. This feature is certainly considered far better as compared to its older version which is called 6300.( http://www.articleblast.com/Reviews/Products/Nokia_6700_classic_-_a_new_innovation/) the menu for this mobile phone is so self generated. Person does not need to get an direction book. Because this phone has got 5 way navigation system. Nokia established the new innovation which is 6700. it is described as GSM quad band handset which is enabled with 3G system. Because of that people can send and receive data to another people. Ä °t is fitted out with a 5 megapiksel camera. Ä °t can be took quality photos and videos. Ä °t has autofocus lens, flash models and LED flashand a committed 4X digital zoom power. Normally some mobile phones Has got limitations. But , this phone does not have any limitations. Ä °t is increased its capacity of memory to 8 GB as micro SD chip. This is helpful for people. Because one wants to save photos and videos person can store them without influencing the normal function of phone. Ä °t is an usual multimedia player with RDS FM radio that can be played some latest songs and music. VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS Value chain become a known managements strong analysis tool for strategic planning. Kotelnikov (2001) defined value chain as a high-level model of how businesses receive raw materials as input, add value to the raw materials through various processes, and sell finished products to customers. Value chain is a crucial tool to business improvement because it adopted the opinion that according to Kotelnikov (2001) â€Å"success in digital economy is the implementation of an integrated value chain that extends across and beyond the enterprise† The bigeminal value chain people who take part in company such as managers, customers workers should hand over value and endeavour for a common purpose. Nokia is being a leader of mobile communications technology. Nokia must carry out value chain as a function and a crucial tool in corporate strategy of Nokia. The purpose of Nokia to labour development and sustainability of the wide mobility industry. Ä °t endeavours to reach people via innovative and user friendly mobile phones, tools and solutions for imagination. Forms and styles in an invariably developing product such as mobile phones are so important for Nokia. Being in front of its competitors and informed with the charging needs of Nokias customers is hold Nokia in front of mobile industry. Changes in the international business view can affect the value chain of Nokia during the next 5 years. This is so because of comfoming to charge and making essential allotment for it is crucial for Nokia. Ä °t can be thought as matter as well value chain is not include consisted of the individual business just. Ä °t also concerns to the supply chains and distribution works. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths and oppurtunities The strengths of Nokia are scarcely for or few between Nokia company have been the company which win the european quality awards. The opportunities in Nokia are interminable as a environmental leader. The Nokia has the advantage of benefits of innovations, particularly in the handset market. They presently control of so many of the handset market. Nokia is nearly twice that of Motorola. Consequently Nokia brought in the superlative differences in the mobile phone industry. Nokia showed new ventures adn improvement. Nokias two top competitors are Motorola and Ericsson. All three companies offer cellular phones that are technically similar. Further more, indicated that brand equity is represented by customers recognition of consistent quality, satisfactory physical attributes of the product, and other emotional satisfiers. (Duffy, J. 2000) Moreover , Nokia has so powerful marque acknowledgement. Nokia mobile phones have qualifications more than only methods of speaking such as a fashion situaton. This was an answer of consumer satisfaction. Nokia realised that the mobile phones which look smart could be more effective for people than its techniqual qualifications outside the peoples care of dependability and good serving. Thus , the mobile phones of Nokia has become popular. Ä °t made them reliable brand. Consumers are searching mobile phones because of its name. This authority has resulted it to rise its popularity. Consequently , the organizations expect to get this advantage and go on to improve productive and clever processes of mobile technology. Especially they expect to get an advance from the improvement of their new technology of phones which continue the 3G technologies. Weakness and threats Ä °n spite of Nokia goes on to control in the mobile phone market, Nokia should be cognisant of the rising challenge in an industry. Which is tightly bordering on a developed market. The yearly sales of mobile phones is decreasing substantially. The challenge had risen to deal with this developed market. Nokia must keep on top of this challenge particularly when the japanese companies attempt getting the direct on the improvement of the next generation phones. Organisational structure of Nokia Nokias organizational structure is pliable and variable, uncessantly boosting innovation and organised improvement.organizational plans of Nokia alter as rapid as the mobile phone industry alters. In the mobile phone industry, a flexible organizational structure is crucial because the designs appropriate for business development change as quickly as the business itself. Nokia said that operations outsourcing would be instrumental in helping operators achieve further operations expenditure savings and move away from day-to-day operations of their networks and focus on serving their customers. (Nordic Business Report, Feb 20 2004) Nokia Ventures Organization (NVO) launched in 1998 is a good sample of Nokias pliable organizational structure. NVO was founded to test and improve emergent opinions that had the potential to produce great amounts of revenue. NVO searches many business opportunities and incorporates the feasible ones into Nokias operating business. Over the past 15 years, Nokia has exited from many businesses which did not fit into its overall plans. For Nokia, organizational abilities means that having the skill to have people jointly capable of working together in a quickly changing environment by improving a new product and taking it to market. It also implies, having the people in the organization able to work together in an attempt to innovate, to reply to consumer needs, to see the value suggestion and to decently carry out the organizations strategy. Nokia has a powerful dominant culture, and the pronounced orientation for a decisional or power base which greatly gravitates around the dominant Finn culture. Deployment of Nokia ability in various wireless domains is the hallmark of Nokias present strategy. RECOMMENDATIONS It should protect itself threats from its rivals It should be ready quick change in the market which can be reason increasing of costs, quick obsolescence of mobile phones, new standards and rules A new focus in customer segment should be required to keep its market leadership. It should challenge from coming out rivals and as overcapitalized market. It needed businesses and applications improvers to hedge commitments to Nokia platforms due to stiff competition faced outside its dominant market. It faces market impregnation in the industry causing new endorsers to go down and sales improvement to worsen Share Data http://www.Nokia.com/about-Nokia/financials/key-data/graphs Conclusion To sum up, The Nokia company examined in this assignment comprises the modern pliable global organization that by technological innovation and attractive design appeal moves fleetly via the booming wireless telecommunication market. The company is a director in the mobile phone business in the consumer products and one of the main players in the business networks units as well. When it comes to delivering product design innovations to mobile device users, Nokia is the company against which all others are judged.(lindholm,keinonen, 2003). It innovates the best technology and plays important role in improving a new standard for communications to the future. With sales growth and the market size and potential in the future showing no signs of dropping, Nokia is in a large place to successfully improve and keep its controller position. Some dangers could become from the rising challenge but Nokias research and powerful brand recognition because of its design will sustain the company in t he spotlight for a long time.