Investment Bank Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Investment Bank Analysis - Research Paper Example The job prospective in Vancouver is not at all impressive. Total 12, 530 people are working as business professional in Vancouver. 33% of total business graduated employees in Vancouver have managed career related employment. Major of the business graduates in Vancouver are getting employment either in government sector or in public limited firms. As per the interest in equity research analysis; the average salary for equity research associate in Vancouver is $75,000 per annum. (b)Regulation The main advantage of being a part of a union is a student can be represented locally and nationally. Many students who stay away from home for the purpose of higher studies, the member of union can help them in every major and minor incident. Moreover being a part of union a student can achieve social affiliation by the other members. Last but not the least the union can actually help the graduates to place the members in various companies. Salary information of other employees should not be disclose to the prospective employees who has newly appointed in organizations as it is the personal matter of individuals and confidential matter of organization. Job protection legislation is required to exist in the firm in the competitive business market. The professional association may look after the basic employment needs according to the business priorities. They have to look after the promotions of employees according to the performance. Moreover the employees should be informed of the job roles and performance expectations. These monitoring activities will protect the employment right in organizations.

Access Control and Different Types of Access Control

Access Control and Different Types of Access Control 2.3 what is an access document of a local area network (LAN)? Lets have a look on record   which are equivalent to a client control in the archive it will tell us who has the confirmation and approval to enter into any server , or we can explain in as simple as smple wording to the one approved individual know the client name and secret key . take an example   in an office assembling just the approved supervisor will have entry to open the official and those which cannot be shared by others information. We can also use access control and different types of access control are :- Accountability Authorization Authentication Accountability: Information and logs are taken into account which use such components so that these systems can be identified. These components wouldnt be viewing regularly they cannot be maintained in a sufficient way. Authorization: Those operation which are happening in a system can be identify by the authorization policy. Lots of latest operating system can applied authorization policies as a group of allotment which are varied different types of access. Authentication: In this control we identify the users identification so that we can identify that the person who is accessing the system is authorised person. 2.4 explain the procedure to shut down the server in a   local area network (LAN) ? Lots of working circumstances which depend on upon PCs to put everything in order keep them joined with an area framework for security reasons and straightforward record advertising. For fast organization , different affiliation asset are accessible on the Internet, one of them being automatic Shutdown. This is very light application arranged for managing a PCs essentialness alternatives from a parts.. To do this task first of all we have to install this software, after that the icon on desktop is created . If you want to shut down the server then we have to select the option shutdown, in the application log we can get the time and message as well. We can add two or more computers, if you want to do settings you can log off the individual computers. if you want to shut down the system and turn off the power. The system must support the power off feature. The principle two capacities let you either kill or restart a PC of your decision. Whats more, you can choose more PCs from the rundown and decide to execute that for every one of them without a moments delay. Furthermore, in the event that you right tap on a thing from the rundown, an amazing measure of alternatives get to be accessible. We can also create a new group in remote shutdown , in this first   we have to click on add computers then name the new group and click on OK button.Contingent upon how you need to utilize the application you can exploit a wizard to populate your rundown with PCs associated with the same system. As a matter of course the rundown is discharge so you can completely redo as per needs. You can likewise include PCs physically either by name or IP address, with the likelihood to choose from the ones accessible through LAN. In the remote shutdown we can also use privacy, after creating new group we have to go to credentials and click on the following user and we can set a new user name and password   . the benefit of this is that whenever we will turn on our server it will show that icon. Reference for software :- http://www.softpedia.com/get/Network-Tools/Misc-Networking-Tools/LanShutDown.shtml 2. PC auto shutdown PC Auto Shutdown helps you naturally shutdown, power off, reboot, sleep, suspend or log off PCs at calendar time you determines. It can close down PCs at calendar time when no client is signed on or when PCs are in suspended force protection mode. It issues you distinctive approaches to timetable the shutdown occasion for your needs, for example, every day, week by week and just once. Amid the shutdown, it can clean up Recycle Bin, makeshift records, IE reserve, IE treats, IE history, IE auto-complete passages and late report rundown to enhance framework execution and secure your protection. In the pc auto shutdown we have different options like general, hotkeys , timer, sound , clean up , log and about . in this we can configure the countdown duration time before a shutdown event is activated and we have to chose the different options . If we are not registered we can registered it and if we select the option we can click OK button. In the timer option we have title , status, shutdown event, activation time , frequency , we can fill up these things and we can add it and edit it as well. In the clean up option we can clear different directories like recycle bin , clear temporary files of windows , clear temporary files of internet explorer , clear cookies of internet explorer , clear address bar history of internet explorer , clear recent documents lists etc. We can also setup password for the privacy whenever we will open our server we have to fill up that password. If we want that option we have to click on enable password protection and click OK button. In the log we can log all the shutdown events for tracking purpose . and also view log file and empty log files. Reference for software :- http://download.cnet.com/PC-Auto-Shutdown/3000-2344_4-10399335.html 3. D shutdown :- DShutdown is a helpful stand-alone application intended to empower you to effortlessly set a period for your workstation to close down. DShutdown bolsters, past established shutdown alternatives, additionally a progression of specific choices relating unadulterated shutdown (as the power after hold up alternative, that causes a constrained, however clear, shutdown), and relating screen capacities (as the choice to shutdown a PC when an application end, helpful toward the end of pressure of a few records. In the D shut down we have different options and types to shutdown like log off , shutdown , power off, reboot and stand by , we can   also disable LAN adaptor we can wake up , write log file , we can alsoset alarm clock . we can also do sound advise in D shutdown . There are different general options in d shutdown like auto start , set default , sound on start , save settings on exit , different ports client server. We can also set timer in D shutdown   and after that we can enable timer. To shutdown we have to select the shutdown option   and after that we hav to select total CPU and we can also set timer . Reference for software :- http://www.softpedia.com/dyn-postdownload.php/b1758a3606787c71dd5840b71b6b8224/55498a82/8435/0/1

Mistaken Identities in The Taming of the Shrew :: Taming Shrew Essays

Mistaken Identities in The Taming of the Shrew       Throughout the play "The Taming of the Shrew," William Shakespeare has utilized several ingenious techniques resulting in an effective piece of work.   One of the more unique and creative methods is the use of mistaken identity.   With the use of mistaken identity, Shakespeare has successfully given the play an element of humor from the beginning to the end.    The mistaken identity within the two induction scenes must have been quite humorous for the upper-class noblemen who watched the play.   In Shakespeare's time, the upper-class often found their amusement in the poorer, more unfortunate lower-class.   Christopher Sly was no exception.   When the lord finds Sly, a drunk beggar, he immediately plots a practical joke to play on him.   The lord, who is very wealthy and obviously has a lot of time on his hands decides to treat Sly as a nobleman and see how he reacts.   In addition to ordering his servants to treat Sly as their master, he too pretends to be a servant.   The most amusing part of this induction occurs when Sly becomes convinced that he is indeed a nobleman.   When he first awakes, he thinks that everyone is playing a joke on him.   After some convincing, Sly gives in and believes that he really was suffering from a long sickness.   When Sly asks the page, who is pretending to be his wife to undress and join him in bed, the audience must have reacted with loud laughter knowing that his 'wife' is actually the same sex as he. Although Sly does not understand the lifestyle of the upper-class, it is quite obvious that he is enjoying it while it lasts.    There are several cases of mistaken identity present in the subplot which involves Bianca and her suitors.   One humorous situation caused by mistaken identity arises in Act I, Scene ii, when several of the characters meet each other.   Here, the audience learns how gullible Gremio is when he is tricked by Lucentio into believing that Lucentio is a schoolmaster.   Gremio does not realize that he is actually giving a fellow competitor an opportunity to court Bianca.   The dramatic irony here is amusing to the audience because they all know that Lucentio is not going to speak highly of Gremio like he had promised.

Ancient Mesopotamia and Greek inventions Essay

Our world today wasn’t entirely created from recent achievements. We have collected knowledge from ancient civilizations such as Mesopotamia and Greece by studying their history and improving their accomplishments. These cultures have had a major impact on the daily lives of the people in the modern world. Although Ancient Mesopotamia and Greece were some of the earliest civilized cultures, they differ greatly in their achievements and innovations that played important roles for future humans. As the world’s earliest civilization, Ancient Mesopotamia’s innovations continue to affect the world. It made vital contributions in fields like science, mathematics and astronomy; they even developed a writing system. The early Mesopotamian civilization was known for inventing the first 30-day lunar calendar. Using the phases of the Moon, they counted 12 lunar months as a year. Moreover, Mesopotamians first observed a seven-day week. The invention of the calendar was a rem arkable contribution that later had a major influence on our modern calendar. The Mesopotamians also developed mathematics to a very advanced level and created the sexagesimal system for the calculation of time and angles. This system is still practical, because of the multiply divisibility of the number 60. For example, in modern times we still use 60-minute hours, 24-hour days and the 360-degree circle. The Mesopotamians developed theories to measure the area of solids and shapes, and the circumference of circles. The Mesopotamian’ s achievements laid many of the foundations for modern mathematics. One of the most remarkable contributions was the development of the first historically significant writing system of the Middle East known as cuneiform. They wrote with a stylus on special tablets of soft, wet clay, because it was the perfect surface on which to leave marks. The fact that people started to use soft clay not only for bricks and jars, but also for the writing, implied their intellect and potential future progress. Cuneiform was not a language ; however, it was the most widespread writing system in the ancient Middle East, which helped us to learn more about the Mesopotamian history and culture. Another civilization that made numerous influential contributions was Ancient Greece. The Greek civilization was famous for many admirable scholars who were recognized for remarkable achievements in the areas of math and science, medicine and architecture, which gave a rise to further discoveries by following generations. The Greeks were engaged in  mathematical study of logic; they provided one of the first proofs in mathematics and discovered irrational numbers. Even today, people still use the Pythagorean theorem, to understand and measure triangles. Greeks achieved such great progress in mathematics by using deductive reasoning, which also helped in every other discipline. Hippocrates made one of the most prominent achievements that expanded humankind’s understanding of medicine. He was the â€Å"father of medicine†, who determined the natural causes of diseases rather than blaming them on the gods punishments, and then established procedures for medical treatment. Hippocrates’ modern concepts like diet, rest, and a clean environment were be lieved to be beneficial for the human body to heal itself. Also, doctors were responsible for the patient’s well being and privacy in ancient Greece, and they strictly followed a number of professional ethical standards, later called, the Hippocratic oath. The modern version of this oath is still used today; it confides the ideas that the doctor is responsible for his/her actions in case problems arise. The ancient Greeks created the most impressive and highly distinctive architectural styles that influenced the architecture of the past two millennia. Greek architecture developed three distinct orders, the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian; their parts and proportions were ordered and coordinated. The design, arrangement and decoration of the columns were remarkable and unique with a pure aesthetic effect. The style of Greek architecture provided the finest and the most magnificent buildings, with constant symmetry, proportion and harmony. Greek architecture can still be seen today. For example, the United States Capitol building and other federal monuments in Washington DC have notable similarities in the design, decoration of the columns with the classic Greek architecture. The ancient Mesopotamia was the first civilized territory on the globe that â€Å"began the history† by inventing a form of writing. The inventions and innovations of this civilization contributed to the evolution of humankind. The ability to write made a great impact on people’s intellectual capacities and potential future success in exploring and studying major concepts that later became fundamental for the future development of the whole humankind. Even though the Mesopotamians were the first who pioneered in mathematical studies, the Greeks’ logical approach to the mathematical problems helped them to excel in this discipline. Moreover they applied this knowledge into other areas of  science and technology, which shaped the foundation of Western civilization. Ancient Mesopotamia and Greece civilizations played a key role in the development and progress of our modern world. Without their astounding inventions we wouldn’t be able to succeed in many imp ortant spheres of science, mathematics, astronomy and technology. They say there is nothing new under the sun, which means that anything new that we create is merely an improvement on another invention from a previous inventor.

Film Adaptation Les Miserables by Victor Hugo Essay

Non-Consequentialist theories of morality are best expressed by the character Inspector Javert. His actions are lead by the theory that it is better to lead a life where rules are followed. It is your duty to obey the laws and it is your duty to always act in this manner. Consequences are not to be considered when judging a persons actions (Thiroux, Krasemann, 2012, p. 46). Inspector Javert’s position in society supports his actions. This man must follow the laws set by his government, and lead his community by example. His duty was to carry out the law which are examples of rule absolutes which offer no room for exceptions (Thiroux, Krasemann, 2012, p. 87). The Inspector becomes obsessed with the capture of Jean ValJean, a criminal who must be caught and brought to justice. The film begins with the story of a man, Jean ValJean, who is first introduced to the viewer in a prison setting, where later you find out he was imprisoned for theft. After serving nine-teen years of punishment in prison for his crime he is then rewarded release on parole. Following his release he encounters another situation where he acts in contrast to those beliefs of a rule utilitarian like Javert. These contrasting characters are examples within their guiding principles. Non-Consequentialist Theories are based on the idea that consequences are not and in fact should not be a factor in determining whether the act is moral or immoral (Thiroux, Krasemann, 2012, p. 46). Where as consequentialism is based or concerned with consequences. Jean ValJean’s guiding principles are more of an act utilitarian who believes that everyone should perform that act which will bring out the greatest good over bad for everyone affected by the act (Thiroux, Krasemann, 2012, p. 37). Utilitarianism is a form of Consequentialism. Javert is a rule utilitarian where his ideas are that everyone should always follow the rule or rules that will bring greater good. T hese ideas are contrasting because it is unsure what actions would bring greater good with or without making exceptions to the rules at hand. Javert being an official of the law encourages the importance of law within the film to avoid loosing control within his community. On one hand ValJean broke the law only to avoid the death of starvation. These situations are the basis of the conflicting approaches to morality by each main character in the film. ValJean encounters the Character of Bishop Myriel who offers him a job and teats him kindly despite his criminal background. The Bishop is a positive influence on ValJean. While working for the Bishop, he makes a promise to become a better man and redeem himself only after being caught once again for stealing silverware from the bishop. The Bishop lies to officers only to save ValJean from returning to prison. With the silver that was stolen and now a gift was he only able to accomplish his promise for a better life. ValJeans commitment led him to later became the owner of a factory and the Mayor of his city. There we are first introduced to the character of Fantine. We discover that she has a child, Cossette, who is in care with another family The Thenardiers. Fantine works hard to provide for Cossette at the factory where she is later fired from, which led to her desperate need to make money. Desperate times cause for desperate measures., like Fantine prostituting to as a mean to make money. Fantine’s unlawful actions lead her to encounter the Inspector Javert. Here is where the feuding theories of morality between Javert and ValJean are once brought to question once again. Should Fantines actions be justified by the idea that prostitution is wrong and unlawful, or is it okay because she must provide for Cossette and her needs? In the end the Mayors position allows Fantine to avoid prison time thus bringing about greatness for her family. His utilitarian approach to the situation causes more conflict with the Inspector who believes she should be inprisoned for breaking the law. More evidence with the personal moral theories conflicting are evident when Jean ValJean promises Fantine that he will take care of her daughter Cossette. He first must escape from Mr. Jovert who is now aware that he is a convict. Javert expressed the idea that a law breaker cannot reform therefore ValJean should not be Mayor. Javert commented on his parents also being criminals when he was a child. Once exposed ValJean escapes once again with Cossette to Paris, where they live in a convent. He feels it is his duty to carry out his promise of a better life. Reparation (prima facie) is a duty mentioned when looking at non-consequential theories (Thiroux, Krasemann, 2012, p. 54). Cossette and ValJean are able to achieve a fulfilled life with security in the city of Paris while at the convent. Cossette ultimately asks to not become a nun and persuades ValJean to live outside the convent. Willing to please Cossette, ValJean agrees to the move. Cossette attracts an admirer while exploring her new surroundings in the character Marius. Marius is a young revolutionary who asks to â€Å"Restore the Republic†. He becomes obsessed and determined to interact with Cossette, very much like he is committed to his revolution. Inspector Javert also resides in Paris where he is the newest Deputy as the reward from exposing the truth about Jean ValJean. The â€Å"cat and mouse game† between Jean ValJean and the Inspector Javert is continued in Paris when he is informed with information about the revolutionists new love interested Cossette. Marius was followed by one of ValJeans informant following the revolutionists. Javert is once again on the hot pursuit to bring ValJean to an end. He is determined to bring justice because it is the right thing for him to do. ValJean unaware of Cossettes relationship with her young suitor opens an opportunity for the Inspector to get close and finally cease the former convict. ValJean now a â€Å"reformed man† refuses to give up without a fight. In the attempt to flee once again ValJean is encountered with the dilemma of Marius and Cossette’s relationship. Her relationship is troubled by the increasing resistance from the revolutionists against the Parisian army. With the city barricaded ValJean must return Marius safely to Cossette. In pursuit for Marius the army injures Cossette’s love and now ValJean must flee the chaos of the city with the injured Marius. Not before once again encountering the persistant Javert. This is a turn of events that gives ValJean to turn on his predator and kill him. This doesn’t happen because ValJean is said to have been merciful towards the Inspector. In the end of this tale the Inspector is surprised by the mercy ValJean showed towards him. The Inspector allowed the convict to aid the Marius to some medical attention and return to his capturer. ValJean also agreed to be turned into the Parisian officials after saving Marius. With Marius alive he would no longer have to worry about his Cossettte. Therefore fulfilling his commitment to Fantine. Upon returning Mr. Javert expressed how his gu iding principles to perform his duty the right way brought him confusion when ValJean showed him mercy in the situation of life and death. Death was the only solution the Inspector had in store to this for this ending. Everything ValJean did was justified when the Inspector decided to kill himself. The Inspector never breaking the law himself saw that there were flaws to his guiding principles and could not live with himself no more. Unwilling to face the consequences he saw fit to end his life thus granting ValJean his freedom. He felt his obsession for the capture of the ValJean would see no end and haunt him forever. At this point he acknowledges the fact that ValJean is a reformed man and not an â€Å"animal† thought to have been created while in the prison system. Before ValJean was a â€Å"difficult problem† to the Inspector himself and he needed bring justice to those acts of the former Mayor. Everyday we are faced with the same if not different situations where we are asked to do the â€Å"right thing†. This is very difficult even to those who appeal to be morally or ethically correct. Rules can be to general and only act as a guide to do the greatest of good while avoiding consequences. It is also difficult in the sense that there acts or rules offer no exceptions. The story of Les Miserables proves otherwise. ValJean overcame many difficulties and while his actions may have been unlawful they did affect those around him positively. His actions in the end brought him security and loving relationship with his â€Å"daughter†, Cossette, all while ultimately keeping his promis to the Bishop Myriel and the late Fantine. His actions throughout the film prove that he is indeed a good man despite his criminal background. ValJean accomplishes reformation which seemed impossible to the characteristics of the Inspector. Ciminals should be brought to jusitice, laws are meant to be followed, under no circumstances can the law be flawed, and no exceptions are to be made. These guiding principles for the Inspector shaped his actions throughout this story. ValJeans actions show that his is a honest, caring, and loving man who is rewarded with freedom. He no longer has the fear of being caught by the Inspector and also rewarded with love from his â€Å"daughter†, Cossette. In the film ValJean states that â€Å"Love is the only future God gives us†. The guiding theories to ones ethical and moral dilemmas can be conflicting with those of others. Here we have actions based on the idea of realizing the consequences for your actions first or not thinking about any consequences and acting on what you feel to be right. Rules should always be followed with no exceptions. The belief that one should not be judged or defined by any action in particularly. Rules are important to a society bringing awareness to consequences by ones actions. It is important to not give up on ourselves because we are all capable of reformation if we want it.

speech essays

Brain aneurysms- a personal experience/speech essays Id like to take you back to July 26, 2003. It was an average morning for me- I was lifting weights in a class at the gym, when I was suddenly confronted with a blinding, uncontrollable migraine that came on without any warning. The pain was unbearable and nauseating, so I got out of class to lay on a couch and let it pass. However, it grew more intense by the minute, and the gym staff reached a friend to drive me to the hospital. I remember getting into the truck while sobbing from the pain, then vomiting uncontrollably, and then losing the next 10 days of my life. I suffered an unexpected brain aneurysm, and spent a week and a half of my life mainly at OHSU, undergoing numerous tests and surgeries that saved my life in the end. Before all of this I barely had any idea what an aneurysm was, or how common they are. I hope that by sharing with you the symptoms, the diagnosis and the treatments available, then maybe you can learn to recognize one before its too late. A brain aneurysm is a weak bulging area in the wall or an artery that supplies blood to the brain. Sometimes they form by a blood clot breaking away and lodging in the tissue of the brain. Typically they go unnoticed because there are no detectable symptoms; however they may rupture in rare cases, causing what is known as a subarachnoid hemorrhage. This can lead to a fatal loss of blood into the skull and lead to a stroke, potential brain damage, or even death. They are typically discovered in a network of blood vessels located at the base of the brain known as the circle of Willis. Between 1 and 5% of all Americans may have unruptured brain aneurysms, while 15,000 Americans have a stroke every year from an aneurysm that ruptures. Often the aneurysms occur in blood vessels that have been weakened by a condition known as arteriosclerosis, which is a thickening of the arteries or sometimes by high blood pressure. However, it has also been found that genetics play a bi ...

Santee Sioux essays

Santee Sioux essays The late 1800s were a time of critical change for both white settlers and Native Americans. By the mid 1800s, the United States government was starting to put in place a series of treaties to try and keep the whites and Native Americans in separate territories. These treaties served to ensure the Indians a certain amount of land and therefore putting that land off limits to all settlers. By 1851 many treaties had been accepted and most were violated and eventually ignored. In September of 1851, the United States government enacted the Treaty of 1851 at Fort Laramie. The Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1851 was intended to ease tension between white settlers and Native Americans; however, when the settlers crossed lines guaranteed to the Santee Sioux and the government did not provide goods promised in the treaty, violence soon followed. Prior to the Treaty of 1851, the Santee Sioux was a self sufficient tribe. As white settlers started to take up the tribes land, the Santee began to stray from their typical woodland lifestyle. They began hunting with modern weapons and had many items of European cloth. Due to the rapid growth of the settlers moving into the Santees, and other Sioux tribes land, the United States Government sought out a way to please both sides and prevent or limit violence between the two groups. The Treaty of 1851 at Fort Laramie proposed many suggestions which were eventually agreed upon by both sides. The three major provisions of the treaty were an agreement on no violence between the two sides in the future, guaranteed land for each tribe which was not to be settled by the whites, and a government ration of money to each of the tribes for 10 years. Both sides signed the treaty in which the first article states that both sides agree to peace for all time to come. Due to the hostility between the sides, the chances of this being successful even for a short time was highly u...

Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP) Training

Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP) Training The Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP) credential is usually the first Microsoft title earned by certification seekers– but it’s not for everybody. Here’s what you need to know: MCP Is the Easiest Microsoft Credential to Obtain The MCP title only requires passing a single test, normally an operating system test like Windows XP or Windows Vista. That means it takes the least amount of time and money to get.That does not mean, however, that it’s a breeze. Microsoft tests a lot of knowledge, and it will be difficult to pass the exam without some time in a helpdesk or network environment. The MCP Is for Those Who Want to Work on Windows Networks There are other Microsoft certifications for those who want to work in other areas of IT: for example, databases (Microsoft Certified Database Administrator – MCDBA), software development (Microsoft Certified Solutions Developer – MCSD) or high-level infrastructure design (Microsoft Certified Architect – MCA).If your goal is to work with Windows servers, Windows-based PCs, end users and other aspects of a Windows network, this is the place to start. Gateway to Higher-Level Certifications The MCP is often the first stop on the road to the Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator (MCSA) or Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) credentials. But it does not have to be. Plenty of folks are happy to get the single certification and have no need, or desire, to move up. But the upgrade path to the MCSA and MCSE is easy, since the test you have to pass will count toward the other titles.Since the MCSA requires passing four tests, and the MCSE takes seven, getting the MCP will a) Get you that much closer to your goal and b) Help you decide if this type of certification, and career, is for you. It Leads Most Often to an Entry-Level Job Hiring managers often look for MCPs to work on a corporate helpdesk. MCPs also find jobs in call centers, or as first-tier support technicians. In other words, it’s a foot in the door to a good IT career. Don’t expect IBM to hire you as a system administrator after waving your MCP paper in someone’s face.Especially in a tough economy, IT jobs can be scarce. But having a Microsoft certification on your resume can help give you an edge over non-certified candidates. A prospective employer knows you have a base level of knowledge, and the drive to gain knowledge of your prospective, or current, field. The Average Pay Is High According to the latest salary survey by respected website mcpmag.com, an MCP can expect a salary of around $70,000. That’s not bad at all for a single-test certification.Keep in mind that those figures take many factors into account, including years of experience, geographic location and other certifications. If you’re a career-changer and getting your first job in IT, your salary will quite likely be substantially less than that.Consider all these factors when deciding whether or not to go for the MCP title. MCPs are well-respected in IT shops, and have skills that can help them on their way to lucrative, satisfying careers.

The Threat of Urban Cities of Policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Threat of Urban Cities of Policing - Essay Example The cities become bigger around the Anthropocene, as the world population engages in the biggest ever urban migration. The geological timescale, however, illustrate that the cities are most probably temporary, just like any other human constructs. Majority of the cities will not withstand the disastrous humanity effect, which is combined with the natural upheavals (Michael 401). Historically, the urban environments were developed within fertile river valleys, and strategically at the river mouths. The rich agricultural sediments, nutrients and moisture available in coastal deltas greatly enhanced the food production. The favorable maritime environment and also effective river connections supported the trade and transportation activities. Thus, people found this environment very ideal to reside in. Further increase in the population led to the tapping and the diversion of the rivers for the purposes of irrigation, canal transportation and also industry applications. The rivers were also trapped for usage as reservoirs and dam, with the aim of energy generation and also water storage. But the diversion of the rivers leads to negative environmental consequences such as droughts. The sediments are not moving downstream in appropriate quantities because of river diversion and also tapping. The sediments are also inadequate to maintain the deltas that are require d for erosion control at the ocean shores (Albert 78). Rapid industrialization during the last century enhanced these processes. This is the reason why presently, several urban centers experience threats of the storm surges, and thus a lot of the economically significant areas on the planet are likely to be lost. Major world cities like New York and Bangkok have been adversely affected by the flood conditions. The other cities that are at risk from flood disasters are; Mumbai, Shanghai, Miami, New Orleans, Calcutta and Alexandria. Approximately three billion individuals

Quiz show Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quiz show - Essay Example They told them to choose topics that they were well versed with and at times provided answers to the questions. They choose one who was to be on the lead and the questions they were to get right or deliberately wrong themselves. In 1957 the producers set to put a new figure into the limelight of the show. In this case, they had to fail the current top contestant Herb Stempel by asking to deliberately get a question that he knew the answer wrong, in order to disqualify him. They wanted to bring in the new top contestant Charles Van Doren. Doren was considered to be more handsome and young. He was also a bit famous because he was the son of a famous politic family known in the academic circles. In this light, how would bring more vigor and drama to the show, hence maintaining is popularity. Many people in the studio thought that he was not going to accept but when the time came, he â€Å"took the dive†. Although he was against the decision, he never wanted to go against the studio, he did it in good will. Kantian Ethical principles state that the only thing that is intrinsically good is â€Å"good will†. This principle owes its existence to the Enlightenment rationalism from where it was coined. It is there possible to judge the actions of both Herb Stempel and Charles Van Doren based on the above theory. One thing that is clear is that Stempel was not willing to lie on a question that he very well knew the correct answer. However, since he was a sacrificial lamb he had no option but to play along and cheat in order to put Doren in the top position. He did in good will so as to ensure the success of the studio and the famous program. However, it was not right of Doren to take his brothers position as the top contestant, knowing that he rightfully earned it. Despite this, he had to accept the chance since he was going to be on top of the game and all the focus was to

Jack Pollock Movie Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jack Pollock Movie Review - Essay Example Occasionally showing a few pieces, Pollock is small beans at this point as he has yet to develop the drip canvas style for which is famous. It also shows Pollock’s trouble with alcohol beginning. It then moves on to Pollock meeting Lee Asner, who would champion his work and could be viewed as the major factor behind his success. Much of the film follows their tumultuous relationship as she recognizes his potential, attempts to help him with his alcohol dependency, and champions his work to people that were able to make him the internationally known artist that he became. The movie unflinchingly shows the darker aspects of Pollock. Never really fully dealing with his alcohol problem, Pollock could be eccentric, manic, and abusive. The movie can seem very loud and overwhelming at times as there were constant fights between Pollock and Asner, but it does take its time on several quiet, contemplative scenes that bring a nice balance to the film. Thankfully, the movie portrays Pollock’s alcoholism as a hindrance to his work. Often times in movies or books, artistic types are portrayed as being creative while they are intoxicated on their substance of choice. Often this can lead people to think that it is necessary to abuse substances in order to be creative, which is rarely the case. It is good to see a film that consciously attempts to realistically show how detrimental alcohol can be to artistic endeavors. There are many aspects of the art world that the film portrays without feeling like an art history lesson. For instance, it portrays an artists need for social connections in order to â€Å"make it† in the art world. Also, near the end after Pollock has become a celebrated artist for his innovative style, it portrays how limited Pollock turned out to be as an artist; many artists have different periods, different styles with which they experiment with throughout their

Why was stable democracy so late in coming to Germany Essay - 1

Why was stable democracy so late in coming to Germany - Essay Example Such fights have often bore fruit with the result of a greater freedom to the masses of a nation and the distribution of power into a wider pool. Stable democracy has been often defined as one that is able to endure over a large period of time. Some commentators put this at twenty-five years while others prescribe other amounts of time to qualify a democracy as a stable one. This however leads one to the question of whether one may be able to call a democracy a stable one if it meets the condition of durability but is closer in its sensibilities to an authoritarian regime. This has caused the rise of other views as to what constitutes a stable democracy, such as the state’s ability to pacify its citizens and provide them with an incentive for the continuation of the regime (Mundt, 2010). This makes it A major reason to which the success of democratic regimes all over the world has been ascribed is the rise of nationalism, which in turn, was a consequence of the rise of the bourgeoisie. The rise of the bourgeoisie led to an increase in trade and commerce which in turn flourished because of the colonial expansions that took place during the nineteenth century (it had been happening for a very long time by then, but it reached a crescendo with the onset of the Industrial Revolution). The increase in the importance of industry as a means of producing wealth required the importance to shift from land, which was the case till then. The rise of the bourgeoisie led to the commencement of many revolutions in different parts of Europe that took inspiration from the French Revolution of 1789 (Hobsbawm, 2008). These revolutions accelerated the onset of democracy in many countries, since most of them were based on ideologies that promoted egalitarianism. Following these revolutions, aristocra cy died a slow death in most of the countries that they occurred. This was the beginning of a process of transition that

Project Management Issue Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project Management Issue Report - Essay Example As the report declares SRP is related to the rightful promotion of human rights in companies. These rights include – child labor, union management, health and safety of employees, compensation concerns and employee exploitation. It is expected that companies follow a SRP programme maintain a strict and realistic approach to human rights standards. This paper stresses that SRP clearly enlists the need for elimination all types of employee discrimination at the work place. Any kind of unfair treatment needs to be strictly controlled and equal opportunity standards should be maintained. Quality employment techniques and practice cultures offered by the management reveals a strong dedication to socially responsible procurement programs. SRP promotes the necessary condition on companies and organizations to behave responsibly and in shared favor of the society. An effective corporate governance structure smooths the process of fair trading, transparency in company and shareholders laws, observance with appropriate laws and regulations. SRP promotes the initiatives by companies to enhance the variety of suppliers. This pertains to giving contracts to less privileged, underrepresented groups, women owned small and medium scale businesses and services, retired, disabled and minority communities. This in turn assist in creating jobs fo r this underprivileged section of the society and subsequently create a uniform levels of living standards to some extent in the society.

Giography Assignment (stateless nation) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Giography Assignment (stateless nation) - Essay Example For centuries before that date, the Jewish people basically lived as a religious group rather than one with a national homeland (Johnson, P., 2009). In Russia, the Dagestani homeland is the highland area of the Caucasus Mountains and occupies 70 percent of the Caspian Sea coastline. The Dagestan Republic has 31 official ethnic groups with over 80 nationalities. This area operates primarily on isolated clans, including its own language, cultural heritage and clan loyalties as the central focus, rather than considering itself a nation or a state (Minahan, 2002). This report covers the gypsies in several areas of the world. As a group unto themselves, there is no nation for the gypsies as they are group wanderers, settling down only for a short time before moving on. Information on the gypsies will be related to the following disciplines: physical, cultural and historical. The physical discipline will relate to places in different countries where they settled for any length of time. The cultural discipline will give an overview of how the gypsies lived their daily lives and what interactions they might have had with local populations. Finally, the historical discipline will outline how gypsies have affected national history and events while living in various countries, and how they, as an identified group, were viewed by the general population. Gypsies have always been regarded by nationals as being vagrants and somewhat unsavory because they moved around so much and did not interact with the public. Keeping to themselves and pretty much relying on the land was a principle they followed almost religiously. Townspeople were not inclined to reach out and attempt to make friends because of this negative view towards gypsies, perhaps fearing some thievery, or the possibility of catching diseases (Hoyland, 2011). Alternatively, gypsies avoided contact except in cases of great need in

Project Management Issue Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project Management Issue Report - Essay Example As the report declares SRP is related to the rightful promotion of human rights in companies. These rights include – child labor, union management, health and safety of employees, compensation concerns and employee exploitation. It is expected that companies follow a SRP programme maintain a strict and realistic approach to human rights standards. This paper stresses that SRP clearly enlists the need for elimination all types of employee discrimination at the work place. Any kind of unfair treatment needs to be strictly controlled and equal opportunity standards should be maintained. Quality employment techniques and practice cultures offered by the management reveals a strong dedication to socially responsible procurement programs. SRP promotes the necessary condition on companies and organizations to behave responsibly and in shared favor of the society. An effective corporate governance structure smooths the process of fair trading, transparency in company and shareholders laws, observance with appropriate laws and regulations. SRP promotes the initiatives by companies to enhance the variety of suppliers. This pertains to giving contracts to less privileged, underrepresented groups, women owned small and medium scale businesses and services, retired, disabled and minority communities. This in turn assist in creating jobs fo r this underprivileged section of the society and subsequently create a uniform levels of living standards to some extent in the society.

Provide a structural explanation of the behavior of EITHER England, Essay

Provide a structural explanation of the behavior of EITHER England, France, Germany, Russia, or austria-hungry in 1914 - Essay Example Consequently, this study examines the structural behavior of German in 1914. During the period, German had a centralized well-organized system of governance guarded by a strong military combat. Studies indicate that in the 19th century Germany’s army was the world’s best. Under Bismarck authority, German had successfully challenged France in an earlier war and expanded its command to many states. Indeed, country’s command system was capable of accessing support from Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria. European powers had established considerable command in Africa and India and Germany considered checking the trend. With excellent organization and strong command, the country considered that it could constructively lobby its allies to fight a common enemy to expand its command. During the period, the prevailing situation highlighted that the force had an excellent potential of supporting a war. Extensive economic ties that included Germany and Britain as the prime protagonists characterized the period earlier to 1914. The country’s system spearheaded extensive industrial growth, superior ambitions, reputable military and terrifying conscription. The Germany observed an aggressive and expansionist oversee policies while the Britain adopted a hesitant approach. As indentified, Germany was experiencing rapid economic growth that proved to be in a position of supporting the war accordingly. Additionally, Germany had adopted an approach of annexing lands from inferior states that lead to accumulation of resources. Importantly, Germany’s potential in maintaining a war was evident in its strong military. In the 19th century, Germany expanded its armies and navies extensively doubling the size of its standing armies in the period of 1870 to 1914. The country’s aggressive naval expansion worried other powers that felt threatened

The Psychological And Physical Aspects Of Hypnosis Philosophy Essay

The Psychological And Physical Aspects Of Hypnosis Philosophy Essay In this essay I am going to look at what hypnosis is. I will look at the definition of the word hypnosis and how it relates to the practice of hypnotherapy. I will then go on to look at the history, paying particular attention to Franz Mesmer and James Braid. We will look at the difference between hypnosis and meditation and the common myths surrounding hypnosis. And also the physical effects hypnosis can have on patients. Hypnosis comes from the Greek word Hypnos which means to sleep. Hypnosis is a state of relaxation where the state of awareness is elevated by suggestion. Forms of hypnosis have been used as long ago as forth century BC, with evidence to support it being used by the ancient Greeks and Romans. We will now look at Franz Anton Mesmer (1734 1815) who was born in Iznang, Germany. Mesmer originally studied medicine, where he published his doctoral, On the influence of the planets on the Human Body. The dissertation discussed the relationship between the human body and disease in relation to the moon and planets. Although this was later thought to be plagiarised from the work of Richard Mead (1673 1754) In 1768 Mesmer married wealthy widow Anna Maria Von Posch and moved to Vienna, where he began his work on what he would later call animal magnetism. Mesmer had always been convinced that he had more magnetic power than most people, and so could work the cures better (Waterfield, 2004: 88) Mesmers work with Franziska Osterlin in 1774, involved her swallowing iron and then placing magnets on the different parts of her body. The patient claimed to feel fluid flowing through her body and several hours later her symptoms had gone. Mesmer however did not believe that this was due to the magnets alone and that it was the animal magnetism that had in fact relieved her of her symptoms. By 1776 Mesmer was surrounded by a scandal after he attempted to restore the vision of Maria Theresia Paradis, a musician who had been blind since birth. Mesmer attempted to restore the musicians sight but subsequently she lost all ability to play the piano and was taken away by her parents and Mesmer was then under speculation of using magic. Mesmer then left Vienna and moved to Paris where he started a medical practice. Whilst in Paris Mesmer worked with individuals and groups, by 1780 Mesmer had too many patients and therefore used a treatment called baquet where he would treat up to 20 people at a time. In 1784 and at the request of King Louis XVI a series of experiments were conducted by members of the Faculty of medicine to distinguish if Mesmer had in fact discovered a new physical fluid. However there was no evidence to prove this and that it was in fact down to the imagination. Mesmer died in 1815 of a stoke and in his last 20 years no one knows of any further work that Mesmer may have done. Alexandre Bertrand (1795 1831) work was of huge significance to the history of hypnosis. He did not agree with Mesmers theory of a mystical fluid and believed that it was the art of suggestion. James Braid (1795 1860) began working on his own method of mesmerisation after witnessing a demonstration which showed subjects going into a physical state quite different to their normal behaviour. After much work Braid changed his theory of it being a sleep-based physiological theory to a psychological theory. Braid believed that hypnotism was a nervous sleep which could be inflicted by staring at a bright object, although much later Braid stated that only a small minority could be affected (only 10%.) Braid used the word hypnosis which led to much confusion as people believe that they would in fact be asleep, Braid did try and later re-name this to monoeidism but people continued to use the word hypnosis, which is what it is still referred to today. Later Braid stopped using bright objects after realising that he could achieve the same outcome simply by talking to his patients with suggestion. He distinguished the shallow and deep phrases or layers of the trance states; the first he called sub-hypnotic and claimed that it was this that the electro-biologists could produce; the second he called the double conscious, because he found his subjects to be dissociated (as we would now say) from their normal states. (Waterfield, 2004: 203) A strong follower of Braids work was Ambroise-Auguste Liebeault (1823 1904) who was the founder of the Nancy School, also known as the Suggestion School believed that the verbal suggestion was a powerful tool in successfully treating medical conditions and believed that everyone could be hypnotized. Due to the controversy surrounding hypnosis and the difficulty in obtaining consent from his patients Liebeault gave his patients a choice. They could either pay for the traditional treatment or consent to hypnotherapy which they could get for free, due to most of Liebeaults patients being poor many agreed to hypnosis, allowing Liebeault to continue to develop hypnosis. Many people have the incorrect belief that meditation and hypnosis are in fact the same thing; however it is important to distinguish the differences. Whilst they do share similar techniques such as visualisation and breathing, meditation is used to free the mind from conscious thought, whereas hypnotherapy is used for a specific outcome. Therefore whilst meditation and hypnotherapy both aim to relax the patient, hypnotherapy will then lead the patient through therapeutic suggestions. This technique can then be used to change the sub-conscious mind, e.g. telling a person who wants to quit smoking that smoking is bad for them. Hypnotherapy is a tool that can be used to deliver messages to the sub-conscious mind. There has been much research done on the physical aspects of hypnosis. A number of scientists who have done such research on this subject believe that there are no physical differences to being under hypnosis and those who are not. These scientists state that although the heart rate who slower this was the same for those who were in a relaxed state. However what has been found to be different is the brain activity. Electroencephalographs or EGGs are used to measure a persons electrical brain activity, the first recorded was in 1929 by Hans Barger. Brain waves look consistently different in people who as awake compare to those who are asleep, and people who are relaxed compare to those who are at full alert. Neurologists believe that the brain has two sides, the right side controls a persons creativity and the left is the logical control centre. Whilst under hypnosis, scientists have found that the left side of the brain has a reduced level of activity. There are four types of brain w aves, beta, alpha, theta and delta. Beta brain waves are when a person is awake and fully conscious. Like I am now whilst writing this, I am fully alert and my conscious mind is in control. Alpha brain waves are what everyone has throughout the day. This is when a person day dreams or closes their eyes to relax. In alpha the subconscious mind is being more dominant over the conscious mind. A person is in a light trance, it is in this state that hypnotic suggestion can have effective results. Theta brain waves can be present when meditating, dreaming or being in the zone. The subconscious mind is totally in control. A hypnotherapist can take you to past experiences and where emotions can be found. Theta brain waves can also be present when doing tasks that a person does often. Such as driving home from work, its a journey that you are used to and know the roads well, but a person can bring themselves out of theta in these situations is order to drive carefully. It is quite common when going into theta on a familiar drive that you cant actually remember part of the journey. Delta brain waves are when we go into our subconscious and no other brain waves are present. Delta is what we experience when we are asleep. Most people do not fall asleep when they are under hypnosis, if this does happen then the client can come back into theta state where they can follow the suggestions given by hypnotherapist. If a client stays in delta then suggestion will not work and it will not be effective in the subconscious mind. There are many myths surrounding hypnosis, which still leads people to be dismissive of this form of therapy. This includes the popular belief that hypnotists have some sort of Special Powers and that they can use these powers to get their patients to do silly things, e.g. cluck like a chicken every time the door bell rings or to say or do something that they do not wish to do. This is not the case and everyone under hypnosis is in control and will not do anything they do not wish to do. If you are under hypnosis and someone tells you to do something that you do not wish to do you simply will not do it and it most cases it will actually bring you out of the hypnotic state. Another myth is that people who have hypnosis are weak minded, it is true that the best patients are those that have a creative imagination and are open to the idea of hypnosis will go into the relaxed state easier and deeper but it is true that everyone is suggestible and therefore it is not that it will only work on weak minded people. It is also a common belief that hypnosis can make a person physically stronger or a better athlete. However hypnosis can only enhance a persons existing physical capabilities. There are many more myths surrounding hypnosis which still leave people reluctant to try this form of therapy, these myths will only disperse once people fully understand what hypnosis is.

Impact of Technology on the Retailing Business Essays -- essays resear

Impact of Technology on the Retailing Business Any sufficient advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic†, Arthur C. Clarke. Technology has changed the retailing business dramatically over the past 10 years. These changes have affected a number of areas in the retailing business. These areas include the equipment in the workplace, the policies in the workplace, the general environment, the ordering of supplies, and the record keeping of the business. One key area in the retailing business that technology has changed over the past 10 years is the different equipment that is used. Interviewee A said â€Å"The change has been quite good for business, we have gone from using a simple till, to using a computer database, which helps us record the customers buying habits and other information about them.† Interview B said â€Å" The equipment we use now has made things way easier for everyone. They took a lil getting used to at first but once we learned how to use them it was no problem. We switched form analogue gas pumps to digital ones, we also switched from doing manual gas level dips to using electronic gas level. Our Rigor machine has also been changed from the old ribbon printer to the new laser printer.† Technology isn’t the only area that has been changed by technology. The business policies have also been changed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The policies in the retailing business have also been affected by technology in the past 10 years. Interviewee A said â€Å"With out...

Invisible Man Essay: The Phases of Invisibility -- Invisible Man Essay

The Phases of Invisibility in Invisible Man      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To be invisible is to be unable to be seen by anyone without artificial aid.   The invisible man is more impossible to locate than the proverbial needle in a haystack.   In Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man, the main character, I., progresses through various phases of symbolic invisibility.      The story begins with I. recounting the various steps and incidents that led him to realize his invisibility.   I.'s grandfather was a meek and humble man, and therefore surprised I. when he told him to "live with your head in the lion's mouth, overcome 'em with yeses, agree 'em to death and destruction."   This statement is the ever-present current that guides I. to his eventual self-discovery.   It haunts him beyond his discovery and even remains after his acceptance of his situation, where the reader realizes that even I. does not fully understand his grandfather's words.   The battle royal serves to open his eyes, although only slightly, only to be re-closed, because I. still gives his acceptance speech to the crowd of prominent white men from the town. These are the same men who were moments ago screaming "let me at that big nigger". Yet he still assumes these men respect him for his intelligence, and are taking him seriously. Upon reflection he realizes that this is whe n he really started running for the white man. He was playing their games, trying to grab the electrified money, not looking at the naked white woman, these men really started him running and taught him their game he was expected to play. The next big shock came after I.'s encounter with Mr. Norton, a prominent white man and huge contributor to the University he was attending. He takes Mr. Norton into the old slave... ...ntinues on to explore his newfound knowledge. There is a hope for those that are invisible, which so many are, that you may be able to come to terms with your transparency.    Works Cited Bellow, Saul. "Man Underground" Review of Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man. Commentary. June 1952. 1st December 1999<http://www.english.upeen.edu/~afilreis /50s/bellow-on-ellison.html Earl, Gerald. "Decoding Ralph Ellison" Essay obtained from IGC.org Summer '97. 30 November. <http://www.igc.org/dissent/archive/summer97/early.html Howe, Irving. "Black Boys and Native Sons" English Dept. at Univ. Penn. 1 December 1999 <http://www.english.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/howe-blackboys.html. Howe, Irving. "Review of: Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man" Pub. The Nation. 10 May 1952. 30 November 1999. <http://www.english.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/howe-on-ellison.html.

The Humanistic Perspective on Classroom Management

The humanistic perspective on classroom management. In the education world of today, it is understood that one can only be effective in teaching by taking into consideration the different learning styles of students. In a classroom, it is expected that teachers would want their students to acquire a meaningful knowledge base, become proficient problem solvers and learn how to work productively with others (Biehler and Snowman, 2006, p. 370). If this is the case, teachers need to know how to be able to develop this situation in the classroom and make it more conducive to learning.Therefore, it would seem that they need to encourage students to converse with each other with group discussions and assignments, to make sure they are active in the class, physically as well as mentally, and that they as teachers are rational and firm authority figures in the classroom. The concept of a well-managed classroom would be equivalent to the picture painted here, where students may be interested, motivated and eager to learn. The humanistic approach to teaching is one that is centered on the student.How the student feels and how able they are to relate to what is being taught is most important. This theory believes that if a student can understand how they learn and their behavior in relation to it, and that the classroom can support this behavior, they are more motivated to learn (Biehler and Snowman, 2006, p. 372). The humanistic approach is one that helps students believe in themselves and their potential; it encourages compassion and understanding that fosters self-respect and respect for others.As human beings we all have an innate desire to attain our full potential and achieve what we can to the best of our abilities. This approach shows the appealing idea that students can learn on their terms, or the way they want to, as the instruction in the classroom is geared towards their needs. The humanistic perspective seems to suggest that students would have a more positiv e outlook on education if it was approached in this manner, and there are a lot of people, students included, who support the view also.In terms of instruction, one can see the importance teachers place, or rather should place on reflection; they must constantly be thinking of how to make their teaching better. When thinking about self-improvement, good teachers have to develop their own personal strategies based on existing theories and models; they then utilize those strategies to make decisions in the actual classroom setting. The humanistic perspective in education, seeks to enhance how the basics of reading, writing, computing, vocational skills, problem-solving and decision-making work, by going beyond what is seen as basic (van Zolingen, 2002, p. 19). Humanists know that these skills are necessary and therefore their main interest should be how to get their students to be interested and motivated enough to develop these basic skills. One of the strongest reasons for supportin g humanistic education is that, when done effectively, students learn. If a student feels that the teacher is genuinely concerned about them, accepts and values them and their opinions in the class, they would more likely open up to the teacher and express any concerns they might have.For example, if a student is failing a class, automatically teachers try to tell him or her how to study and prepare for the next test. A teacher following the humanistic perspective would rather, talk to the student about their interest in the subject, what they understand, how they study and even if the teacher’s methods are effective for them. This can better help students to understand their feelings and their role in learning (Biehler and Snowman, 2006, p. 373). It is evident, how this perspective focuses on the student and encourages them to learn by their standards.Considerable evidence shows that cooperative learning structures higher self-concepts, and the student's motivation and inter est in learning are related to greater academic achievement. Three different types of parenting styles are integrated into classroom for more effective teaching. These are the authoritarian, the permissive and the authoritative (Biehler and Snowman, 2006, p. 423). The authoritarian style is on one extreme end, where teachers apply strict rules and expect students to follow them without question and where nothing is negotiable.Their focus then, is not the student but getting compliance from the student, who would be rewarded or punished accordingly. The permissive style is on the other extreme and is as the name suggests. There are hardly any rules and the teacher simply desires the student to identify with and respect him or her. How the student learns and motivating them to do so is not the main priority. The style that is deemed best and superior to the other two is the authoritative.This style is adopted by teachers who desire autonomy in their students. They develop rules and cl assroom norms and explain them to the students, rather than force them to do as they say. This attitude encourages the students to realize how adapting to this behavior will allow them to learn more, which of course, is the main priority of the humanistic teacher. It is possible to say that humanistic education integrated with the authoritative parenting style can lead to fewer discipline problems, both at home and in the classroom.Many parents desire their children to listen more respectfully, choose less impulsively, calm down when overexcited, learn to be assertive without being aggressive and manage their time better. Many humanistic education methods teach students how to do these things. â€Å"Effectiveness training† for example, teaches students how to really listen to others, including parents and â€Å"values clarification† teach students to â€Å"thoughtfully consider the consequences† of their decisions (Green, 1994). Several humanistic education appr oaches teach students to relax and control their nervous energy and to plan and take more responsibility for their time.Humanistic educators often report that parents have told them how good communication was increased in their families as a result of some of the class activities and new skills the students learned. One of the pioneers of the humanistic approach is Abraham Maslow. He studied both behavioral and psychoanalytic psychology, but he rejected the idea that human behavior is controlled only by internal or only by external forces. Instead, Maslow developed a theory he called â€Å"humanistic psychology,† based on his belief that human behavior is controlled by a combination of internal and external factors (DeMarco, 1998).His studies led him to believe that people have certain physiological and psychological needs that are unchanging, identical in all cultures and genetic in origin. Maslow described these needs as being hierarchical in nature and classified them as e ither â€Å"basic† needs, which are low on the hierarchy, or â€Å"growth† needs, which are high on the hierarchy. According to Maslow, an individual must satisfy lower-level basic needs before attempting to meet higher-level growth needs. The basic needs are instinctual needs for food, shelter and safety.Once these necessities of life have been satisfied, higher needs such as understanding, aesthetics and spirituality become important. Maslow called the highest-level need â€Å"self-actualization† and claimed that it could not be attained unless all the needs below it on the hierarchy had been met. Self-actualization is â€Å"the movement toward full development of one’s potential talents and capabilities† (Biehler and Snowman, 2006, p. 543). Most people want to move up the hierarchy toward self-actualization. Unfortunately, the process often is disrupted by a failure to meet lower-level needs.In the classroom, teachers can motivate students to mo ve through the levels and attain self-actualization by understanding how the learning process relates to Maslow's hierarchy of needs (DeMarco, 1998). Maslow's theory of self-actualization describes how highly effective people reach their peak level of performance. Educators can respond to the potential an individual has for growing into a self-actualizing person of his or her own by applying Maslow's motivational theories to the learning process. In most cases, an individual must satisfy lower-level, basic needs before progressing on to higher-level needs.Even the most inspirational educator will not be able to reach a student whose lower-level needs are not being met. Educators cannot assume that all students' basic needs have been met and that it is safe to focus only on higher-level growth needs. Even if a student achieves a certain level on Maslow's hierarchy, life experiences such as a death or divorce in the family may cause an individual to revert to a lower level. Physiologi cal needs are the most basic. If a student is too cold, sleepy, hungry or has an urgent need to use the restroom, he or she will not be able to learn effectively.Teachers can help students meet their basic needs by ensuring that the classroom temperature is comfortable, by giving students breaks during long classes or clinical sessions and by ensuring convenient access to food and drink. After an individual's physiological needs have been met, he or she next focuses on safety needs. A student who is worried about the health or safety of a family member, foe example, cannot perform effectively. It is suggested that students be allowed breaks or the chance to go home and see to personal emergencies when need be. Next in the hierarchy is the need for love and belonging.Maslow points out that â€Å"belonging was an essential and prerequisite human need that had to be met before one could ever achieve a sense of self-worth† (Kunc, 1992). For instance, a student who is made to feel welcome, and to feel like he or she belongs in the classroom, would be more likely to perform well than one who does not have a sense of belonging. Having group discussions and sessions where the students in the class can associate and relate to each other can then promote a unified whole, and give students more of an opportunity to fit in and feel accepted. This then, in its own way promotes learning.In addition to this though, students do not merely want to be accepted alone. The ego is the next step in Maslow's hierarchy, which relates to the fact that students also want to be heard, appreciated and wanted. They need to be encouraged by the teacher, or to have the teacher acknowledge their efforts and praise them for at least trying. If a student is frustrated in the classroom or feels inferior, it will hinder their learning. The final level, self-actualization, is defined by Maslow as â€Å"the full use and exploitation of one's talents, capacities and potentialities† (T ennant, 1997, p. 3). Maslow believed that only 1 in 10 individuals become fully self-actualized, owing to the fact that our society primarily rewards people based on esteem, love and social status. In contrast to this, his theory emphasized that a person's idea of self-actualization can be anything that they want it to be. If a person desired to be class president, owner of a prestigious law firm or a manager in a store; wherever their desire lies, he believed that a person would do all that is possible to get to that point, and thus, attain self-actualization.Again, one can see how the teacher can encourage this in the classroom. A teacher, from his or her own perspective, can identify the strengths of the students in their classroom and encourage or motivate them to build on these strengths, thus helping them on their way to self-actualization and a new level of learning. The humanistic approach seems to be the most agreeable of theories in teaching techniques. Many share the opin ion that a student can truly learn if they have a meaningful relationship with the teacher and also with other students in the class.Students are more behaved and inclined to learn if they feel that their teacher is capable and they can respect him or her, and also, when this respect is reciprocated. The structure of classroom management should be facilitated by the teacher, agreed upon by both students and teacher, be open to revision, and be flexible to accommodate for growth and change in the needs of all classroom participants (DePonte, 2005). The humanistic approach allows one to recognize that part of mplementing any form of classroom management means to distinguish that â€Å"learning† is generated not only through textbooks and lesson plans, but also through interaction and communication prompted as a result of the social learning environment built-in to our classrooms. Therefore, it would seem that the ultimate goal of classroom management is for the teacher to prepa re his or her students for socialization in the â€Å"real† world.The humanistic perspective proves idealistic for instigating and maintaining acceptable â€Å"social learning† boundaries by the means of practical application (DePonte, 2005). For example, if a student demonstrates misbehavior in the classroom, instead of a teacher using verbal or physical punishment, he or she should communicate with the student, to give them the opportunity to realize their errors. The teacher can then guide the student towards a self-realization of consequences, and towards a plan for self-improvement.In this democratic society, it can only be concluded that by mutually agreeing upon rules with the students, a teacher is being proactive by encouraging students to practice self-discipline through collaboration of behavioral rules, and through promoting awareness and respect of their individual differences.ReferencesBiehler, R & Snowman, J. (2006). Psychology applied to teaching (1 1th ed. ). New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. DePonte, Steve. (2005).Classroom management plan. Retrieved November 20, 2008 from http://www. calstatela. edu/faculty/jshindl/cm/DePonteCMP. htm Green, Bob. (1994).What humanistic education is†¦ nd is not. Retrieved November 23, 2008 from http://www. humanistsofutah. org/1994/art2jun94. html Kunc, Norman. (1992).The need to belong: rediscovering Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Retrieved November 20, 2008 from http://www. normemma. com/armaslow. htm Mary Lou DeMarco. (1998).Maslow in the classroom and the clinic. Radiologic Technology. Retrieved on November 22, 2008 from http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_hb3387/is_n1_v70/ai_n28711330 Tennant, Mark. (1997).Psychology and adult learning. Routledge. Van Zolingen, S. J. (2002). The role of key qualifications in the transition from vocational

Research Hypothesis Essay

Null Hypothesis: The new developed drug has no considerable difference from the standard multi-drug regimen used by most cancer patients (Â µ1 = Â µ2). Alternative Hypothesis: The new developed drug is considerably better from the standard multi-drug regimen used by most cancer patients (Â µ1 > Â µ2). The dependent variable in the study is the so-called ‘level of efficacy’ (or in simple term, the level of effectiveness of the drug). This independent variable may be measured by: 1) T-cell counts among AIDS patients, 2) improved blood circulation (measured by blood pumped per ounce per second), and 3) rate of antibody formation. For the sake of simplicity, we shall only consider the first measure of ‘efficacy’ (T-cell counts among AIDS patients). The independent variable in the study is the ‘type of drug’ used to treat patients with AIDS. Method For the purpose of theoretical efficiency, we can assume the existence of two groups. Group A is a population sample treated with the ‘new developed drug.’ Group B is a population sample treated with the standard multi-drug regimen. Note that both drugs are assumed to have a general effect on the mitigation of AIDS among patients. A higher population mean (measured by T-cell counts) would indicate a higher ‘level of efficacy.’ Biases Experimenter bias may be exhibited in the study as: 1) error in the specification of experimental maneuver, 2) error in the measurement of outcomes, and 3) faulty interpretation of data. Because of the complexity of the study, it is very likely for the researcher to commit the second error. Selection bias is not present in the study. Ethical Issues There are two pressing ethical issues in the study. First, it is generally unethical to use an untested drug (medical) to a group of AIDS patients (although it may be argued that the drug has been tested many times in the laboratory). Second, it is dangerous to test the efficacy of two sets of drugs to ‘actual’ patients.

Benefits of computing gross profit on sales in contrast to contribution margin

The computation of gross profit on sales, which can be derived under the absorption costing approach, is a profitability measure normally conducted under financial analysis. This accounting ratio outlines the gross profit generated from every $100 of sales. Such measure is highly useful in financial analysis, because it provides indications on the profitability potential and cost efficiency of the company. For instance, if there was an increase in sales of 10%, but the gross profit margin declined by 4%.This indicates that the cost efficiency of the organization deteriorated during the period. Such analysis cannot be conducted under the contribution margin approach, because gross profit is not present. However, under the contribution margin approach one can calculate the contribution to sales ratio which indicates the contribution determined from every $100 of sales. This would also provide indications on the control of variable costs once compared over time.Difference in Net Income arising from different approaches. In the example of ABC Company the profit under the two methods is the same. However, this is not always the case. Profits under the two methods differ whenever there is movement in inventory. This is due to the fact that since under the absorption costing technique fixed manufacturing costs are included in the cost of goods sold, a proportion of fixed costs will be included in inventory leading to such a difference.Contribution margin approach not allowable for external reporting. The contribution margin approach, despite being highly useful to provide valuable information for decision making, is not acceptable for external reporting. This is due to the fact that it does not comply with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). For example, under the GAAP the income statement layout should clearly outline the gross profit made by the company. Under the contribution margin method this is not highlighted.Another important reason why the ab sorption approach is allowable for external reporting and not the contribution approach is due to the way in which the income statement is classified. The GAAP state that the income statement is classified by function, like under the absorption method. In the contribution approach it is classified by cost behavior. Indeed separation between fixed and variable costs is made under such method. This conflicts with another requirement of the GAAP. Reference: Drury C. (1996). Management and Cost Accounting. Fourth Edition. New York: International Thomson Business Press.

Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching Essay

Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching - Essay Example The question that looms over my mind whenever faced with a totally new experience is, ‘Am I ready to take on the challenges?’ Without an answer, I usually proceed to do what is asked, follow the rules, and hope for the best. Fortunately, the coping mechanisms I apply have worked to make me adjust in time. However, these mechanisms, coupled with a positive disposition, are not an assurance to succeed in the university. There are skills that I have to develop in order to make it to the final event, the college graduation. Fortunately, I am not alone in facing the challenges of university life. The school, through its program, Introduction to Degree Studies (IDS) makes me feel confident that help is available to international students like me every time we need it. Gradually, the fears I had during the first week of my studies have transformed into challenges and later to adventures owing to the learning I gained from the course. The needs of a new student, especially a for eign national, are different from the needs of regular students. Regular students can adapt faster to their environment despite being new to the university because they have support systems to guide them such as their family, friends, and community. In contrast, foreign students have no one to turn to in times of need. Although they can always call up home or log on the net to communicate with their loved ones, it is still not the same as having their family and friends beside them especially in times of need. This experience, in addition to the barriers brought by language and culture, is made worse by the struggles foreign students encounter in coping with school requirements. Considering the difficulties that have to be addressed by each student, IDS, with its goal of guiding new students, is a wise effort by the school. Through IDS, foreign students are given the chance to prove their worth and excel in academics. The values I gained from attending IDS are immeasurable. First of all, the course has led me to gain insights about myself as a learner. The VARK assessments done in the course have guided me to realize my learning potential and to improve my learning habits. The exercises informed me that I am a visual-kinesthetic learner. Based on this, I realized that I have a lot to change about the ways I learn. My past learning habits are not in line with being a visual-kinesthetic learner. In light of this, I have changed the way I study, and make it a point now to read my lessons while taking down notes at the same time. Sometimes I used a whiteboard and a marker to jot down my notes. This way, I get to maximize my visual-kinesthetic potential. Nevertheless, I also try to develop my auditory skills by listening to some music or radio news before going to sleep. So far, this has helped me concentrate and visualize the words I hear even without seeing them. Secondly, IDS has guided me to learn new skills, which are equally important in university studies. O ne skill I improved with the help of IDS is my writing skill. In the past, I never used an outline to guide my thoughts in writing compositions. I just wrote whatever came up my mind, and never bothered to jot down and organize my ideas before writing. Through IDS, I realized that everything I write should be based on an outline. There should be a proper introduction, body and conclusion, or else the composition will not be considered an academic writing. The introduction orients the readers to the issue being tackled in the text, whereas the conclusion reiterates the arguments presented and gives the author’s parting message to tie up loose endings.

Assessment of Technology centric Strategies for information security Essay

Assessment of Technology centric Strategies for information security in an organization - Essay Example It is a "best practices" strategy in that it relies on the intelligent application of techniques and technologies that exist today. The strategy recommends a balance between the protection capability and cost, performance, and operational considerations." [National Security Agency] Fahey (2004) graduated from the SANS GSEC course and uses their systematic approach to addressing risk through defense in depth. The SANS approach promulgates an efficient and cost effective methodology for improving security. The organization for which he works already had a number of policies, each designed to address a multi-layered approach to IT security such as operations security, physical security and contingency and disaster recovery. Furthermore external security personnel routinely came to the organization to perform security audits. He was concerned that one area which had not been addressed was: "a systematic procedure designed to protect against electronic attacks from hackers. This was due in part to the false sense of security which comes from being behind a firewall and partly from a lack of experience in the information security field." (Fahey, 2004, p3) In putting together a Defense in Depth security policy one must consider the characteristics of one's adversary, the motivation behind an attack and the class of attack. An adversary may be anyone from a competitor to a hacker. They may be motivated by theft of intellectual property, denial of service or simply pride in bringing down a target. Classes of attack include passive or active monitoring of communications, identity theft or close-in attacks. Besides deliberate attacks there may also be inadvertent attacks on the system, such as fire, flood, power outages - and most frequently - user error. Information Assurance is achieved when information and information systems are protected against such attacks through the application of security services such as: Availability, Integrity, Authentication, Confidentiality, and Non-Repudiation. The application of these services should be based on the Protect, Detect, and React paradigm. This means that in addition to incorporating protection mechanisms, organizations need to expect attacks and include attack detection tools and procedures that allow them to react to and recover from these attacks. No system is perfectly secure, and it has been argued that no system needs to be. To achieve Information Assurance focus must be balanced on three elements: People, Technology and Operations. "Security goals have their own contradictions because confidentiality, integrity, privacy, accountability, and recovery often conflict fundamentally. For example, accountability requires a strong audit trail and end-user authentication, which conflicts with privacy needs for user anonymity." (Sandhu 2004, page 3) Fahey's methodology for evaluating risk used the confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) approach which emphasizes the importance to the organization of a particular information asset. This approach focuses budget managers on the real threats to reputation and therefore the business' ability to survive against its competitors. Fahey focuses on 3 security risks in his article: passwords, policies and patches. Fahey's risk assessment relies heavily on SANS assessment of the top 20 risks for networks in 2003/4. This brings to light the

Analysis of Environmental Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Analysis of Environmental Issues - Essay Example This has led to a rise in the processes of energy production. The mining and burning of coal account for a few processes which are used for the purpose of energy production. The impact of coal on the environment is an issue of environmental concern. It serves as a threat to the environment owing to the production of hazardous substances which tend to alter the normal environment as well as lay effects on the health of the individuals (Finkelman et al 1999; Hill 2010). The burning of coal takes place in houses for domestic purposes in third world countries where there is the unavailability of gas. This is accompanied by the use of coal as an energy source for industries across the world. The process of coal mining precedes the process of coal burning. It is the procedure used for the extraction of coal. The processes of coal mining, as well as the burning of coal, lead to the release of harmful substances into the environment. These include carbon dioxide, nitric oxide and sulfur diox ide which are all harmful to the environment (International Labour Office et al 1994). Coal mining should be a regulated process and the sites should be away from places where people reside. Strict regulations should also be followed in these areas to prevent exposure to individuals. Ash should be deposited in safe sites where they are away from the water reservoirs to prevent contamination.

Frederick Douglass Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Frederick Douglass - Essay Example According to the essay "Frederick Douglass" findings, examining the method that Douglass used in order to know how to read and write one will get a clear indication that abundant life was awaiting him. Douglas went through hardships in the house of his new master, Mr. Auld, whose wife offered to introduce him to the world of education. The wife, Mrs. Sophia Auld, was singularly motherly and kind to Douglas. At first, she treats Douglas like one of the family members to the extent of teaching him how to read and write. She had never been with slaves, so she knew nothing about how they were supposed to be treated (Douglas 76). However, when Mr. Auld knew what was taking place, he became an obstacle to Douglas’ education. He prevented the wife from her offers to the slave claiming that â€Å"slaves are unmanageable when they are educated†. This implied that if Douglass knew how to read and write, he would become a radical giving master’s hard time to manage. This st atement from a master gives us some light about the knowledge of reading and writing. Education will give one power to manage himself and not to depend on anybody or even allow another party to guide him on what to do. This illustrates the point that it is after knowing how to read and write that Douglas became successful after slavery. He knew how to manage himself and not depend on the decisions of other people. While he was being taught by Mrs. Auld, Douglass proved to be so intelligent and bright. This enabled him to secure a place in the shipyards as a worker.

Product Attractiveness and Competition in the Market Full Of Assignment

Product Attractiveness and Competition in the Market Full Of Competitors - Assignment Example The paper focuses developing a suitable tactical marketing mix strategy. The significance of tactical marketing mix on product performance is reflected. This part of the paper exemplifies how the product, its price, placement, and promotion techniques influence demand and market share. Additionally, the significance of emerging technologies, such as the internet and media, on marketing is discussed. Generally, the research focuses on the importance of pertinent exit strategy and a tactical marketing mix strategy to a business. At the end of the discussion is a conclusion of all the aspects that have been covered in the study. The sale of a product is largely dependent on consumer taste and preference. Toyota car models, such as Subaru legacy, are in great demand in America and other parts of the world. The car is a choice for many due to its reliability and excellent services. The features of the car are eye-catching and the general outlook is amazing. Subaru legacy is preferred to o ther cars for its economical fuel consumption, resistance to wear and tear, high-speed safety and many other features. However, the car face stiff competition from other luxuries car models from other companies such Honda and Ford. New car models introduced by these rival companies are a threat to the automobile market. As a result, Toyota Company has introduced new and more advanced Subaru legacy models to secure a market share. An exit strategy is basically transition of a company’s ownership, either after achieving the expected objective or to evade failure in future. It is necessary to devise means of recovering invested capital in the event of exiting a business. This can only be made possible by developing an effective exit strategy. According to Hawkey, the type of an exit strategy to be adopted depends on the kind of business undertaken by a company. The best way to make an exit strategy is to initiate a business with the end in mind.  

The effects of the video game industry on Japan Essay Example for Free

The effects of the video game industry on Japan Essay Much in the world today is of Japanese origin. Indeed, Japanese influence can be seen all over the world? on television, in comic books, in video games, in electronics, in the film industry, and even in music. In fact, currently, 60% of all the cartoon shows being broadcast on television the world over are from Japan. (Croal) Indeed Japanese anime characters have established a substantial base of fans in Europe and North America (Shuhei). Similarly, the Japanese video game industry has been very successful in the world. It has proven to have many positive effects on the world, even though many people have repeatedly tried and failed to vilify it. Perhaps one of the most important industries in modern Japan, video games have both opened up great possibility for Japans economic future and caused the rapid spread of its culture in the world. The rise in the Japanese video game industry elevated the countrys standing in the world. The first video games ever were created in computer labs of prestigious and well-known colleges by studious types, whereas in modern times, video games, complete with complex storylines and characters and with sophisticated music and game play, are created by paid professionals. The very first video games were invented by students at colleges with big computer facilities, because they had nothing better to do. [Making games] soon became a competitive field of play for these students. (Kohler, 24) Soon after, video games became something to sell, and at first were available for Magnavox TVs, played on the Odyssey systems made especially for Magnavoxes. (These Odyssey systems were not as consoles are today? i. e. , they did not have multiple games, only one game installed in the system, with the first games not even closely depicting what they were supposed to show. One game, a tennis game, was simply two white dots that were actually squares representing the players or rackets, and one line down the center of the screen signifying the net.) Then, games moved over to computers for a while, after a string of very primitive gaming consoles (which, strangely enough, happened to have the controls for the games on them, with the players having to keep score with paper and pencil, for some of the first games). These computer games were mainly based on board games, Dungeons and Dragons, and other fantasy/fiction games with a small emphasis on the graphics of the games. (Fierman) Soon, industry-changing games were released by companies who, before this point, had games only in the arcades. Along with these games came Shigeru Miyamotos invention of the gaming console (these had been invented by now) with a very stylized and appealing design, and with removable controllers, connected to the system with cables. Innovations like the ones of Miyamoto kept making the industry grow, as it became bigger and more effective in the worlds markets. Now, video games have evolved into an effective means of entertainment (at least stereotypically for males of 15-25 years of age), even better and more money-making than the movie industry. Japanese video games originality was what gave them a good hold in the relatively new and rapidly rising industry. Japanese culture was the major factor making Japanese games different from any other games. The Japanese peoples will to easily accept technology, after having stayed away from it for years, epitomizes Japanese cultures amalgamating nature. Despite the technological advancements that Japan went through, there has always been a traditionally Japanese factor in all of Japans development. The Japanese brought anime-style characters into games because of their overwhelming popularity elsewhere. In fact, Japanese video games are very heavily influenced by Japanese culture? the styles of art and music, and the various aspects of modern Japanese theater. Another major aspect of Japanese culture? the importance of depictions over writing? is obviously relevant in video games. As writer Frederik L. Schodt, author of two books and many articles on Japanese comics, puts it: [The Japanese consider comic books to be] an effective? way of transmitting information, and they use them everywhere? [people now] live in an age that emphasizes the image? [and therefore] naturally have no bias against comics. They are?the shikaku sedai, the ? visual generation. (Kohler, 6) The video game industry as a whole has had a generally positive effect on the Japanese economy, and the lifestyles of its people. One of the biggest innovations in early video game technology was that of the so-called programmable home gaming console, which was one in which different game cartridges could be made to fit into specialized slots in the console, as long as these cartridges were specialized for the console. (Fierman) One of the main economic advantages that this innovation brought was the hiring of designers to work on video games?prior to this, the programmers of the hardware of the games had to design the characters, backgrounds, and storyboards as well as the game-playing systems. Not more that a decade after this innovation, games became what they are now. In fact, because video games have been a growing industry ever since they were introduced to the world, they have also become a replacement for or a cause of the falling industries like that of movies. (See chart, compiled by Dentsu) Soon, many aspiring young artists were given chances to make and oversee all the art in these programmable game cartridges. One such man, Shigeru Miyamoto, came to Nintendo (whose Japanese name, nin-ten-dou, translates into English as the place where luck is left in heavens hands) as a toy designer (Nintendo was a toy producer and entertainment company at the time). His talents were soon realized for what they were, and his rising positions within the company eventually led him to become a designer for games. His first game Donkey Kong was a smash hit. In modern video games there has been a rising emphasis on music, especially since there was none or very little in the video games of old, because it can alter the reviews of games, leading to success or failure. This weight put on music makes jobs for composers, synthesizers, and music directors, the soundtracks even selling as well as pop music. (Kohler) In fact, these musicians work is so profitable to the industry (and indeed commonplace) that programmer Fumito Ueda chuckled in response to a question regarding the idea of taking out even the music from his mainly dialogue-less game. He said, If I took out the music, it would be even harder to bond with Ico [the name of the main character and the game itself], even if the players had maximum sound effects. (Kohler, 253) Video game companies have also had to hire marketing experts and people to work in their sales departments, and they have had to also send their games to production houses where they are produced and made ready to sell. Stats of video game jobs Perhaps because popular video games, ever since the rise of the industry, have been heavily Japanese-influenced, many people the world over have tried to vilify this very profitable industry, and have repeatedly failed. In the years when video games were pioneers in the world market, there was much opposition and skepticism regarding them. Many renowned authors of economics, and even some who became known for their pieces regarding video games, reasoned that the budding new industry would quickly fade away. One author went as far as saying, the invasion of our world [United States video gaming industry] by these aliens [the producers] of Space Invaders will quickly find their business being driven back to their own planets. (Duus, 135) Another writer, University of Miami professor Eugene F. Provenzo, wrote in his book Video Kids: Making Sense of Nintendo, about how children were not being taught some of video games intentional lessons. In Japanese video games, manga-style characters (i. e. , characters from animated anime shows) are usually used because these characters have no distinctive race, and thereby no affiliations with any nationalities; this was to teach the players of these games something about different races? that they dont necessarily have to interact negatively. (Another use of the characters of ambiguous race was that anyone could play these games, and consumers would not think these games to be for a certain type of people.) He brought up an example of a single fourth grade boy who he talked to, who did not know much about ninja or their weaponry (these specific ninja refer to the bad-guy foot soldiers of the Shredder, in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles) except for the fact that the Chinese and Japanese (he was not sure which the ninja were) were enemies. The boy said, just because they are from Japan they might want to do something different from you. And they are dangerous because they might want to fight with you. (Kohler, 9) This argument is not very solid, as it is repeated several times in his book and in some conferences Provenzo attended, and yet it relies on a single source? a fourth grade boy who happened not to know about ninja. The Japanese video game, although it has been in a constant state of rising ever since it was started up in the early 70s, has had to face problems with Japans dangerously fluctuating economy. Japan had been in a bubble and bust economic cycle, for about a year before the first video games were made. This bubbling and busting kept most of Japans economy stagnant, even though the gaming industry was slowly ascending the economic ladder of relevance and importance. (Duus, 143) There were also technical difficulties, which made the rise of the gaming industry even slower? at first, there was a lack of technology like that of today, making the economic climb very difficult, coupled with the opposition of the people in many countries like the United States, of video games in general (but more specifically foreign games). (Throsby) But more recently, things have gotten a lot better for the world-wide gaming industry, an $18-billion-a-year business (Dvorak), and Japans economy has actually gotten a small boost from this great surge of successful video game companies, which created healthy competition for larger companies like Nintendo and Sony, against each other and smaller companies like Sega, Namco, and Atari. With entertainment [all forms excluding adult entertainment, and anything to be read? basically movies and TV shows and video games] being almost one fifth (about 18%, to be closer to the precise percentage, according to Throsby) of the Japanese Economy, and with video games claiming a bigger and bigger piece of both entertainment and the market in general, it can be easily drawn that this industry is on the rise. (See chart, compiled by Dentsu) Japanese culture has been spread in the world by the widespread appearance of video games in the economies and lifestyles of the people of the world. The highest form of the art of video games is only seen in Japan, and they influence all other games heavily. (Throsby, p. 5) ? The newer generation is accustomed to having everything visual (Japanese) as opposed to having everything good be verbal (American) ? The highest form of the art of video games is only seen in Japan, and they influence all other games heavily The video game industry has had a profound influence on the modern world. Even though this industry has provided lots of jobs to the Japanese and offered a growing export market to their country, it has been repeatedly yet unsuccessfully attacked by opponents. The industry has brought its country farther in the world than the preceding flow of anime into the rest of the world. Now, the young generation of today is more thoroughly a visual generation, as opposed to the verbal generations before them? this Japanese style of thought allows for the new generation to easily accept and become attached to Japanese video games, and the Japanese cultural ideas of amalgamation, without leaving tradition behind. III. Conclusion ?The video game industry has had a profound influence on the modern world.? Even though this industry has provided lots of jobs to the Japanese and offered a growing export market to their country, it has been repeatedly yet unsuccessfully attacked ? The Japanese video game industry has brought its country farther in the world than the preceding flow of anime into the rest of the world. oThe young generation of today is a very visual generation, as opposed to the verbal generations before them? this is a Japanese style of thought, and allows for the new generation to easily accept and become attached to Japanese video games?leading the future world to become one dominated by Japanese (and other) video games ? The rise of Japanese video games is inevitable. Bibliography Croal, NGai. Fall of the Video King. Newsweek online 18 Oct. 2004. 11 Jan. 2005 . Dentsu Communication Institute Inc.. Japans Video Game Industry. 2004. 2 Apr. 2005 . Duus, Peter. Modern Japan. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998. Dvorak, Phred. Nintendo Girds for New Hand-Held Game Player From Sony. Wall Street Journal (Eastern edition). New York, NY: Nov 8, 2004; p. B1. 11 Jan. 2005 .. Fierman, Joseph. electronic game. Encyclop?dia Britannica. 2005. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online 7 Jan. 2005 . Kawakami, Sumie. Video Game Industry Statistics. Mar. 2002. 3 Apr. 2005 . Kohler, Chris. Power-Up. Indianapolis: Brady Games Publishing, 2004. Shuhei, Kishimoto. Shoring Up Japans Content Industry. Japan Echo. Tokyo: Jun 2004, Vol. 31, Issue 3; p. 19-24. 11 Jan. 2005. . Throsby, David. The Production and Consumption of the Arts: A View of Cultural Economics. Journal of Economic Literature. Mar. 1994; p. 1-29. 15 Jan. 2005. http://links. jstor. org/sici? sici=0022-515%28199403%2932%3A1%3C1%3ATP ACOT%3E2. 0. CO%3B2-9.